AFM-Correlated CSM-Coupled Raman/Fluorescence Studies on Selective Interactions of Water Soluble Porphyrins with DNA

The Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic properties of water‐soluble oxo‐titanium(IV) mesotetrakis (1‐methyl pyridium‐4‐yl) porphyrin (O=Ti(TMPyP)4+) bound with calf thymus DNA and artificial DNAs such as double stranded poly[d(A‐T)2] and poly[d(G‐C)2] have been investigated on the single DNA molecule basis by AFM‐correlated confocal scanning microscope (CSM)‐coupled Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques as well as the ensemble‐averaged spectroscopy. The ensemble‐averaged spectroscopic studies imply that the porphyrin interacts with DNA in different groove binding patterns depending on the base pairs. AFM‐images of the different DNAs bound with O=Ti(TMPyP)4+ were measured, and their morphologies are found to depend on kind of base pairs interacting with O=Ti(TMPyP)4+. Being correlated with the AFM images, the CSM‐coupled Raman and fluorescence spectral properties of the three different single O=Ti(TMPyP)4+‐DNA complexes were observed to be highly resolved and sensitive to base pair‐dependent axial ligation of Ti‐O bond as compared to the corresponding ensemble‐averaged spectral properties, which affect the groove binding and its strength of the O=Ti(TMPyP)4+ with DNA. The axial ligation was found to be accompanied by vibration structural change of the porphyrin ring, leading to keep the shape of double stranded poly[d(A‐T)2] rigid while poly‐[d(G‐C)2] and calf thymus DNA flexible after binding with the oxo‐titanyl porphyrin. The base pair dependence of the fluorescence decay times of the DNA‐bound porphyrins was also observed, implying that an excited‐state charge transfer takes place in the G‐C rich major groove in calf thymus DNA. These results suggest that binding of O=Ti(TMPyP)4+ is more preferential with the G‐C rich major groove than with the A‐T rich minor groove in calf thymus DNA so that the morphology of DNA is changed. The Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic properties of water‐soluble oxo‐titanium (IV) meso‐tetrakis (1‐methyl pyridium‐4‐yl) porphyrin (O=Ti(TMPyP)4+) bound with calf thymus DNA and artificial DNAs such as double stranded poly[d(A‐T)2] and poly[d(G‐C)2] have been investigated on the single DNA molecule basis by AFM‐correlated confocal scanning microscope (CSM)‐coupled Raman and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques, demonstrating that binding of O=Ti(TMPyP)4+ is more preferential with the G‐C rich major groove than with the A‐T rich minor groove in calf thymus DNA so that the morphology of DNA is changed.