Dating the Lindenmeier Folsom site, Colorado, U.S.A., before the radiocarbon revolution

Determining the age of the Lindenmeier Folsom site a decade before the advent of radiocarbon dating required the combined application of stratigraphy, geomorphology, and glacial chronology as well as archaeology. Eventually, radiocarbon dating at the site proved the estimates to be remarkably close to the true age. This paper summarizes Kirk Bryan and Louis L. Ray's efforts during the 1930s and early 1940s to determine the age of the Folsom horizon at Lindenmeier, and compares their relative chronology with the radiocarbon chronology established by others and myself for the site. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.