Edge computing in smart health care systems: Review, challenges, and research directions

Today, patients are demanding a newer and more sophisticated health care system, one that is more personalized and matches the speed of modern life. For the latency and energy efficiency requirements to be met for a real‐time collection and analysis of health data, an edge computing environment is the answer, combined with 5G speeds and modern computing techniques. Previous health care surveys have focused on new fog architecture and sensor types, which leaves untouched the aspect of optimal computing techniques, such as encryption, authentication, and classification that are used on the devices deployed in an edge computing architecture. This paper aims first to survey the current and emerging edge computing architectures and techniques for health care applications, as well as to identify requirements and challenges of devices for various use cases. Edge computing application primarily focuses on the classification of health data involving vital sign monitoring and fall detection. Other low‐latency applications perform specific symptom monitoring for diseases, such as gait abnormalities in Parkinson's disease patients. We also present our exhaustive review on edge computing data operations that include transmission, encryption, authentication, classification, reduction, and prediction. Even with these advantages, edge computing has some associated challenges, including requirements for sophisticated privacy and data reduction methods to allow comparable performance to their Cloud‐based counterparts, but with lower computational complexity. Future research directions in edge computing for health care have been identified to offer a higher quality of life for users if addressed. Edge computing combined with 5G technology is the key to low latency, energy efficient systems for a modern healthcare infrastructure. Even with these advantages, edge computing has some associated challenges, including requirements of sophisticated privacy and data reduction methods to allow comparable performance to their Cloud‐based counterparts, but with lower computational complexity. This survey presents and reviews state‐of‐the‐art data operations for medical edge devices, such as encryption, authentication, reduction, and classification,which are driven by the quality of experience requirements, including cost, latency, security, location awareness,and energy efficiency.