T i LIA : a software package for image analysis of firefly flash patterns

As flash signaling patterns of fireflies are species specific, signal‐pattern analysis is important for understanding this system of communication. Here, we present time‐lapse image analysis ( T i LIA ), a free open‐source software package for signal and flight pattern analyses of fireflies that uses video‐recorded image data. Ti LIA enables flight path tracing of individual fireflies and provides frame‐by‐frame coordinates and light intensity data. As an example of Ti LIA capabilities, we demonstrate flash pattern analysis of the fireflies L uciola cruciata and L. lateralis during courtship behavior.