Computationally optimized multi‐port antenna systems for WLAN/Wi‐Fi (IEEE 802.11a/h/j/n/ac/ax), 5G (mid‐band), and UWB applications

This paper presents computationally optimized 2‐element and 4‐element Multiple‐Input, Multiple‐Output (MIMO) antennas for WLAN/Wi‐Fi, 5G, and UWB applications. The antenna configuration is constructed with the orthogonal placement of sawtooth‐shaped circular monopole radiating elements. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA‐ES) optimization techniques are employed to achieve the best performance and size of the proposed antenna. Among these optimization techniques, CMA‐ES is identified as the better approach. The final optimized geometry of the 2‐element and 4‐element MIMO antennas is 49.40 mm × 24.22 mm and 49.44 mm × 45 mm, respectively. Both optimized antennas are fabricated and experimentally verified. The fractional bandwidth of the antenna is more than 110.3%, and more than −20 dB isolation is attained without employing any decoupling method. The Envelop Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Directivity Gain (DG), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), and Channel Capacity Limit (CCL) are 0.0001, 9.99, < −15 dB, and 0.1 bits/s/Hz, respectively. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for numerous current wireless applications due to its size and performance.