The Dendrobium Orchid: Botany, horticulture, and utilization

Dendrobium, one of the largest genera of tropical orchids, is grown commercially on a large scale with an important economic impact in several ASEAN countries. Dendrobium orchids can be grown in a wide range of climates, but flower production is best under tropical conditions. Due to being the most popular orchid for cut flower production, many hybrids of Dendrobium have been produced with colorful and attractive blooms. Cut flowers of Dendrobium are popular worldwide. In addition, many Dendrobium cultivars can be grown as flowering potted plants and for other purposes such as in medicinal applications and for use in decorative products. Postharvest physiology and technology are important in maintaining the quality of both cut flowers and potted plants from production sites to the marketplace. Plants of the Dendrobium genus also contain a wide diversity of bioactive compounds that can be developed into medicinal and cosmetic products. This review describes the botany, cultivation, postharvest physiology, handling and utilization of Dendrobium. Core Ideas The origin, distribution, and classification of Dendrobium are reviewed together with a description of the morphological characteristics of the genus. Special attention is given to factors associated with pollination and flowering. Detailed descriptions are provided regarding senescence characteristics that follow from pollination or during the postharvest handling of cut‐flowers, including the use of preservatives that extend vase life. Commercial production methods are described. The use of the genus as a food and as a source of pharmaceutical and related products is discussed.