Growth and optical damage properties of In:Zn:LiNbO 3 waveguide substrate

In:Zn:LiNbO 3 crystals doped with different indium concentrations were grown by Czochralski technique. The optical damage threshold value and ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra of the In:Zn:LiNbO 3 crystals were measured. The In:Zn:LiNbO 3 crystals were made into optical waveguide substrates using hexanedioic acid as proton exchange agent. The optical damage resistant ability of those optical waveguide substrates was investigated by the m‐line method. The optical damage threshold values of In(2mol.%):Zn(3mol.%):LiNbO 3 crystal and optical waveguide substrate are two orders of magnitude higher than those of pure LiNbO 3 . (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)