Tunable Properties of Graphene Antenna Affected by Curing Temperature and Exposure Time for Future Application

This paper proposes a tunable antenna based on graphene for future wireless communication technology. The proposed antenna that is made by graphene/polyimide film able to tune the frequency using thermal that is exposed on it. The approach is investigated since it able to work as the other reconfiguration technique but cannot be adjustable likes diodes and liquid crystal. The antenna is fabricated into fifteen similar pieces and are separately cured at different temperature and exposure time; 250 °C, 300 °C, and 350 °C, for 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. The fabricated antennas are measured its S‐parameter as well as the characterisation of relative complex permittivity, sheet resistance, conductivity, surface morphology, and structure analysis. The measured results indicate that the frequency is tuned to lower within 4.1 GHz at 250 °C, 5.5 GHz at 300 °C, and 400 MHz at 350 °C. Looking into the future, even though this work is not using the same antenna, but it will lead to the proof of concept for tunable graphene antenna using thermal at fifth generation (5G) and next generation. Tunable antenna based on graphene for future wireless communication technology is studied separately at different curing temperature and exposure time; 250 °C, 300 °C, and 350 °C, for 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours. The frequency of graphene antenna is tuned to lower within 4.1 GHz at 250 °C, 5.5 GHz at 300 °C, and 400 MHz at 350 °C. The tunable frequency exhibited is influenced by the change and connection between relative complex permittivity, sheet resistance, conductivity, surface morphology, and structure analysis of antenna layer and graphene within the variation of curing temperature and exposure time.