Functional Human Serum Albumin as a Dual Phototherapeutic Nanoplatform for Triple‐negative Breast Cancer Therapy and Metastasis Inhibition

The major obstacles to triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) therapy are metastasis and mortality rates, leading to the failure treatment of traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, low toxicity drugs and more effective therapeutic approaches are greatly desired. Considering the drawbacks of indocyanine green (ICG) and purpurin such as poor bioavailability and rapid blood clearance, an endogenous carrier material human serum albumin (HSA) was employed to construct the nanoplatform through hydrophobic interaction with the inspiration of successful delivery of paclitaxel. Herein, we developed and fabricated a new self‐assembled albumin‐based drug delivery system (ICG‐purpurin@HSA, HIP) with encapsulation of ICG and purpurin. Of note, compared to free ICG and purpurin, enhanced treatment efficiency was achieved by the HIP with the help of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐heat‐induced damage and nutrient supply cutoff. Consequently, an efficient drug delivery platform based on photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) was proposed, revealing a promising strategy for TNBC treatment. A self‐assembly strategy has been developed to efficiently co‐deliver ICG and purpurin in a biocompatible way based on HSA, which could achieve excellent therapeutic efficiency with the integration of PTT, PDT, and chemotherapy. We anticipate that the outcomes of this investigation could provide beneficial information for designing a potential nanoplatform utilized in the treatment of triple‐negative breast cancer.