The Presence of a Ferrocenyl Unit on an Estrogenic Molecule is Not Always Sufficient to Generate in vitro Cytotoxicity

We recently reported the dual (antihormonal and cytotoxic) functionality of ferrocifens, which are organometallic complexes derived from hydroxytamoxifen, the standard molecule in the treatment of hormone‐dependent breast cancers. To test the hypothesis that the presence of a ferrocenyl substituent on molecules with an affinity for the estrogen receptor is sufficient to give them cytotoxic properties in vitro, we prepared complexes derived from estradiol with a ferrocenyl substituent at positions 7α and 17α. The complexes thus obtained retain a satisfactory level of affinity for the estrogen receptor (RBA values higher than 12 %). At low concentrations (0.1–1 μM) the complexes show an estrogenic effect in vitro equivalent to that of estradiol on hormone‐dependent (MCF‐7) breast cancer cells, and no cytotoxic effect on hormone‐independent (MDA‐MB‐231) breast cancer cells. At high concentrations (up to 50 μM) the 17α‐ethynylferrocenyl estradiol and 7α‐ferrocenylmethylthio estradiol become cytotoxic (IC50=13.2 μM and 18.8 μm, respectively) while the 17α‐ferrocenylestradiol remains non toxic. The low toxicity of these compounds support our hypothesis that electronic communication between the ferrocenyl and phenol moieties in the hydroxyferrocifens series is a key parameter in the generation of cytotoxic effects at submicromolar concentrations. Ferrocenyl estradiol derivatives retain satisfactory affinity for the estrogen receptor. These complexes are strongly estrogenic at submicromolar concentrations, and some of them become cytotoxic at high concentrations (IC50=13.4–18.8μM). Their low cytotoxicity suggests that electronic communication between the ferrocenyl and phenol moieties is important in the generation of cytotoxic effects.