Reversible Self‐Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Based on Co‐Functionalization with Zwitterionic and Cationic Binding Motifs

We report a pH‐ and temperature‐controlled reversible self‐assembly of Au‐nanoparticles (AuNPs) in water, based on their surface modification with cationic guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole (GCP) and zwitterionic guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole carboxylate (GCPZ) binding motifs. When both binding motifs are installed in a carefully balanced ratio, the resulting functionalized AuNPs self‐assemble at pH 1, pH 7 and pH 13, whereas they disassemble at pH 3 and pH 11. Further disassembly can be achieved at elevated temperatures at pH 1 and pH 13. Thus, we were able to prepare functionalized nanoparticles that can be assembled/disassembled in seven alternating regimes, simply controlled by pH and temperature. Au nanoparticles co‐functionalized with guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole carboxylate zwitterions (GCPZ) and guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole carboxylates (GCP) show a a multi‐pH‐controlled and temperature‐controlled reversible self‐assembly in water. When both binding motifs are installed in a carefully balanced ratio, the Au nanoparticles possess seven alternating regimes in which they are assembled/disassembled, simply controlled by pH and temperature.