Poa annua ecology, biology, and integrated weed management practices in turfgrass

Poa annua L. is one of the most widespread and troublesome weeds of turfgrass. It persists as both an annual and perennial and is adaptable to almost any static maintenance regime, including adaptation to mowing heights and evolution of herbicide resistance. This management guide is intended to provide stakeholders with a summary of new and existing knowledge on integrated Poa annua management. Here we review the basic biology and ecology, as well as practical integrated weed management (IWM) strategies developed for its control. Annual bluegrass is the most troublesome weed in turfgrass. Its lifecycle and adaptability allow it to grow on every continent and under a wide range of ecological conditions and management practices. Further, the development of herbicide resistance in some locations increases the challenge of controlling this weed. This guide reviews the fundamental information needed to manage this weed and provides turfgrass managers with a summary of non‐chemical control strategies, including new discoveries. Annual bluegrass is the most troublesome weed in turfgrass. Its lifecycle and adaptability allow it to grow on every continent and under a wide range of ecological conditions and management practices. Further, the development of herbicide resistance in some locations increases the challenge of controlling this weed. This guide reviews the fundamental information needed to manage this weed and provides turfgrass managers with a summary of non‐chemical control strategies, including new discoveries.