Influence of disproportionated rosin acid soap on the emulsion polymerization kinetics of styrene

The effect of disproportionated rosin acid soap (DRAS) on the emulsion polymerization kinetics of styrene has been studied. Batch experiments reveal a significant influence of chain transfer and limited particle coagulation on the polymerization process. For the recipes studied, the number of growing chains in the emulsion and consequently the polymerization rate were found to be independent of the particle number during the interval of coagulation. However, for relatively large particles ( d p ≈ 100 nm), the polymerization rate was proportional to the particle number, indicating Smith–Ewart case II kinetics. These effects have been shown to be well predicted by model calculations using a radical population balance over the particles. Since DRAS is derived from naturally occurring constituents found in pine trees, its performance, and with that the properties of the product latex, may vary significantly. However, if the performance of DRAS is known, the recipe and process conditions can be optimized. For this reason a procedure has been developed to quantify the performance of DRAS from the simple batch experiments discussed in this paper, the polymerization kinetics, and the information obtained about the coagulation process. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.