Effect of a surface active pyrrole on the conductivity of polypyrrole composites

A surface active pyrrole, which has a long hydrophobic chain attached to the 3 position of the pyrrole ring, is used to modify the surface properties of the pores of a porous, crosslinked polystyrene. The latter is prepared starting from a concentrated emulsion (an emulsion with a large volume fraction of the dispersed phase, here 0.81) of water dispersed in a continuous medium composed of styrene, divinyl benzene, a suitable surfactant, an initiator, and the surface active pyrrole. This modified crosslinked porous medium is emplyed as the host for a polypyrrole composite that is prepared first by imbibing the host with a solution of pyrrole and subsequently with an oxidant solution. The latter plays the role of catalyst for polymerization as well as the role of dopant. The presence of the head groups of 3‐alkyl pyrrole molecules on the surface of the pores of the host polymer increases the affinity of the surface for pyrrole. The improved wetting thus achieved for the pyrrole solution ensures a higher connectivity among the pyrrole films present on the internal surface of the host polymer and increases the conductivity of the polypyrrole composites by a factor of 2 to 14, depending upon the solvents employed for pyrrole and oxidant.