Genotype by environment interaction on phenology and synchronous maturity of mungbean

Genotype × environment interaction (G×E) of harvest period should be involved to assess the suitability of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) for monoculture or intercropping cultivations. This research was aimed to study the effect of G×E interactions on phenology and synchronous maturity, the change of genetic parameter estimates, and the stability of harvest period in mungbean. The study was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, from December 2017 to October 2018 in four environments: wet season, monoculture (WS.M) and intercropping (WS.I); dry season, monoculture (DS.M) and intercropping (DS.I). Ten mungbean genotypes were evaluated in monoculture and intercropping with sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] cultivar Numbu using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The phenological traits, namely days to flowering, days to the first harvest, days to 90% harvest, plant height, number of productive branches, seed weight per plant (SWP), and the synchronous maturity traits, namely harvest period, degree indetermination of plant height (DDh1), degree of indetermination of harvest period (DDd2), were observed. The results showed that the G×E interaction effect was highly significant (p 59.83%). Kefa, Kawur, VR480B, Lom2, MLB, Vima 2, VR10, VR60 were stable (bi = 1), VR05 was sensitive (bi = 1.70), and No.129 was insensitive (bi = 0.66) and suitable for monoculture in the dry season. The GGE biplot showed Kefa as a stable genotype with the shortest harvest period. Mungbean selection for synchronous maturity can use harvest period trait in monoculture at dry season. Core Ideas Mungbean is a source of protein that is accessible and inexpensive. Varieties with a short harvest period will support production sustainability. Environmental factors and cropping systems may affect phenotypic responses. Elucidating G×E for the harvest period on mungbean germplasm is essential.