Establishments and Evaluations of Post‐Operative Adhesion Animal Models

After abdominopelvic surgery, there are 90–93% of patients who develop postoperative adhesions. Post‐operative adhesions can occur after various surgical procedures, which not only cause a series of complications but also increase the economic burden of patients. Based on the US FDA rules, anti‐adhesive products need to be deeply evaluated for their bio‐functionality in animal models before clinic entrance. However, to date, there are few literatures systematically summarizing the establish approaches and evaluation standards of various post‐operative adhesion animal models. Therefore, according to the importance of knowledge related to in vivo animal models, in this manuscript, the occurrence mechanism of post‐operative adhesion is systematically reviewed, which is followed by summarizing the construction methods of animal adhesion models at different organs, and then the common evaluation indicators including adhesion scores and histological characterization are listed. This review is a reference to the in vivo characterizations of anti‐adhesive materials. Animal experiment plays a very important role in evaluating the performance of post‐operative anti‐adhesion materials, which are mainly classified into the establishment and evaluation of animal adhesion models. There are several methods to establish animal adhesion models at different sites. There are also various methods of evaluation from macroscopic to microscopic.