Artemisinin attenuates IgM xenoantibody production via inhibition of T cell‐independent marginal zone B cell proliferation

Artemisinin (ART) has been shown to suppress B cell activation and plasma cell formation. However, its effect on splenic marginal zone (MZ) B cells is unknown. Splenic MZ B cells play a critical role in rapidly induced Ab production against blood‐borne foreign Ags. Dysfunction of MZ B cells, due to inhibition of its proliferation or displacement of its homing, results in an attenuated adaptive humoral response. Here, we investigate the effect of ART on splenic MZ B (CD19+CD21highCD23low) and B10 (CD19+CD1dhighCD5+) B cells to explore the mechanisms of ART‐induced immunosuppression in T cell‐deficient nude mice challenged with hamster xenoantigens. In this study, we demonstrate that ART decreases T cell‐independent xenogeneic IgM Ab production and, this is associated with a strong suppression of MZ B cell proliferation and a relative increase of CD21lowCD23+ follicular and B10 B cells. In addition, this suppression impairs IL‐10 production. Taken together, our data indicate that ART suppresses B cell immune responses through a distinctive effect on splenic MZ B and other B cells. This represents a new mechanism of ART‐induced immunosuppression. Graphical Shows artemisinin decreases T cell‐independent xenogeneic immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody production, inhibiting marginal zone B cells and suppressing IL‐10 production.