Fecal bacteria and short‐chain fatty acids in irritable bowel syndrome: Relations to subtype

Background The relationship between gut microbiota and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subtype is unclear. We aimed to explore whether differences in fecal bacteria composition and short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were associated with subtypes and symptoms of IBS. Methods All participants delivered fecal samples and self‐reports on IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS‐SSS), Bristol Stool Scale (BSS), and Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Fecal bacteria composition was assessed by the GA‐map® Dysbiosis Test based on 16S rRNA sequences of bacterial species/groups. SCFAs were analyzed by vacuum distillation followed by gas chromatography. Key Results Sixty patients with IBS were included (mean age 38 years, 46 [77%] females): Twenty‐one patients were classified as IBS‐D (diarrhea), 31 IBS‐M (mixed diarrhea and constipation), and eight IBS‐C (constipation). Forty‐two healthy controls (HCs) (mean age 35 years, 27 [64%] females) were included. Patients had a significantly higher relative frequency of dysbiosis, lower levels of Actinobacteria, and higher levels of Bacilli than HCs. Eight bacterial markers were significantly different across IBS subgroups and HCs, and 13 bacterial markers were weakly correlated with IBS symptoms. Clostridia and Veillonella spp. had a weak negative correlation with constipation scores (GSRS) and a weak positive correlation with loose stools (BSS). Diarrhea scores (GSRS) and looser stool (BSS) were weakly correlated with levels of total SCFAs, acetic and butyric acid. Levels of total SCFAs and acetic acid were weakly correlated with symptom severity (IBS‐SSS). Conclusions & Inferences Patients with IBS had a different fecal bacteria composition compared to HCs, and alterations of SCFAs may contribute to the subtype. Figure showing the main findings of differences in fecal bacteria and short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and healthy controls and across IBS subgroups. Figure also showing the main findings of correlations between fecal bacteria and SCFAs with bowel habits and IBS symptoms.