The Mongol Invasions of Bilad al-Shām by Ghāzān Khān and Ibn Taymiyya’s Three ‘Anti-Mongol’ Fatwas ». Mamluk Studies Review, vol.11/2, 2007, pp. 89-120

The military campaigns launched by the Ilkhanids against the Mamluk state between 1260 and 1312 presented numerous ideological challenges, not the least of which hinged on the justness of one Muslim nation to wage war on another. The conversion of the Mongol rulers to Islam in the late 13th century launched a bi-lateral campaign of religious propaganda aimed at validating to fighting forces and civilians alike the invasion of Syria by the Mongols, on one side, and the necessity of confronting...