The isolation of pre-adipocytes from dairy cow adipose tissue and the development of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes

Serious lipid mobilization in adipose tissue of dairy cow is the pathological basis of ketosis and fatty liver.Many studies demonstrated that pre-adipocytes are unstable and can differentiate into multiple cells in vitro.The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiation process of dairy cow pre-adipocytes and to establish a stable pre-adipocyte induction method.Pre-adipocytes were isolated from dairy cow adipose tissue and were cultured for 15 days.The originally rounded cells converted to a spindle fibroblast-like morphology and accumulated lipids during culturing.The lipid droplets and TG content in the adipocytes gradually increased from 4 to 15 days in culture.The adipocytes reached maximal proliferation after cultured 11 days.Additionally,the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2(PPARγ2) and sterol regulatory element binding protein lc(SREBP-1c) increased during the initial 4 days of differentiation and decreased thereafter.However,the level of SREBP-1c increased after 10