Neu-pll reduces clock/apelin expression in insulin-resistant mouse adipocyte model

It is generally accepted that a major risk factor of type 2 dia- betes mellitus （T2DM） is insulin resistance and is often asso- ciated with obesity [1]. Apelin （expressed in adipose tissue） appears as a beneficial adipokine with anti-diabetic and anti- obesity properties [2]. Clock is a large and complex gene encoding a novel member of the basic helix-loop-helix/ Per-ARNT-Sim protein family of transcription factors. Circadian clocks can regulate metabolic homeostasis and clock disruption leads to obesity and the metabolic syn- drome [3]. Melatonin （Mel） is an integral part of the homeo- static mechanism in the body. It is best known as a regulator of seasonal and circadian rhythms, with high expression level during the night and low level during the day.