Molecular phylogeny of Pamphagidae （Acridoidea, Orthoptera） from China based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II sequences

Phylogenetic relationships of Pamphagidae were examined using cytochrome oxidase subunit II （COIl） mtDNA sequences （684 bp）. Twenty-seven species of Acridoidea from 20 genera were sequenced to obtain mtDNA data, along with four species from the GenBank nucleotide database. The purpose of this study was analyzing the phylogenetic relationships among subfamilies within Pamphagidae and interpreting the phylogenetic position of this family within the Acridoidea superfamily. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using neighbor-joining （NJ）, maximurn parsimony （MP） and Bayesian inference （BI） methods. The 684 bp analyzed fragment included 126 parsimony informative sites. Sequences diverged 1.0%-11.1% between genera within subfamilies, and 8.8%-12.3% between subfamilies. Amino acid sequence diverged 0-6.1% between genera within subfamilies, and 0.4%-7.5% between subfamilies. Our phylogenetic trees revealed the monophyly of Pamphagidae and three distinct major groups within this family. Moreover, several well supported and stable clades were found in Pamphagidae. The global clustering results were similar to that obtained through classical morphological classification： Prionotropisinae, Thrinchinae and Pamphaginae were monophyletic groups. However, the current genus Filchnerella （Prionotropisinae） was not a monophyletic group and the genus Asiotmethis （Prionotropisinae） was a sister group of the genus Thrinchus （Thrinchinae）. Further molec- ular and morphological studies are required to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the genera Filchnerella and Asiotmethis.