Convergence from cluster to surface:ab initio calculations of Pd_n clusters

The"Metallic State Principle"and a way to constitute the metallic basis set are proposed,the latter is a modification of atomic basis set based on the free electron theory in solid state physics.Pd_n dusters have been carefully studied by means of ab initio calculations with atomic and metallic basis sets.Three rules,namely the"Ground State Principle",the"Lowest-Spin State Principle"and the"Metallic StatePrinciple"have been investigated and the calculation results based on these three rules are compared with eachother in terms of metallic configuration of bulk Pd,d-band width,Fermi level,etc.The calculation resultsdemonstrate that the characteristic properties of bulk Pd may be reproduced to some extent even with a smallduster if the"Metallic State Principle"is adopted.