Formulation of X-ray phantom materials

The X-ray phantom material (PM) is a kind of substitute materials of the tissues ofhuman or biological beings in radiology and application of atomic energy to investigatethe dosage effect. It is necessary for the PM to have nearly the same interaction results asthe tissue it simulated with X- or γ-ray. Since the 1960s, because of the wide use ofradiology and atomic science. this field has received much attention and become a brisk as-pect in biomedical engineering.