The Impacts of Publicly and Privately-Owned Banks on Economic Growth in Turkey: A Comparative Analysis

Certain transfer mechanisms can be expressed with the help of very different theories about how financial development influences economic growth. The ongoing debates on how the banking system contributes to the economy are tried to be explained by those transmission mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, there are bank deposits and credits related to savings and investment indicators, which are essential to the banking system. In this study, the impact of the banking system on the gross domestic product (GDP) is tried to be examined. However, unlike other similar studies, the development of the banking system is taken into consideration on the basis of total assets, which offers a broader perspective on the total of bank deposits and/or credits. Accordingly, the study aims to explicate the possible association between total assets of the publicly-owned commercial banks as well as the privately-owned banks operating in Turkey and the GDP. The analyses performed on the basis of the quarterly data cover the period between the first quarter of 2010 and the third quarter of 2019. The results obtained from the cointegration test and the FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR cointegration regression analyses reveal that both publicly-owned deposit banks and privately-owned deposit banks are related to the GDP in the long-run. Although it is determined that the total assets within both bank groups has a positive impact on the GDP in the long-run, it is found that publicly-owned deposit banks have a greater impact on the GDP in comparison to privately-owned banks.