Влияние иных культур в удмуртских названиях божьей коровки

The article is devoted to the names of ’ladybug’ in the Udmurt language, which reflect the influence of neighboring cultures. For example, at first glance the ­composite čužanai̯/papa (literally ’maternal grandmother + insect’) is in no doubt of Udmurt origin. In fact, however, the above word is a loan translation from the Chuvash kukamai, which is used both in the sense of ’maternal grandmother’ and ’ladybug’. A ­careful analysis of the material has enabled us to identify the names of ’ladybug’ emerged under the influence of Russian, Mari, Chuvash and Kryashen Tatar cultures, thus refuting their previous attribution to a genuine Udmurt origin.