Društveni i ekonomski položaj Vlaha i Arbanasa u Bosni pod osmanskom vlašću
The Ottomans found many groups of Wallachians and Albanians in all conquered South-Slavic countries, and in the Kingdom of Bosnia only in the feudal region of Herzegovina. The latter served in their military and economic system, especially for populating the parts of Bosnia which had been deserted b...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Prilozi za orijentalnu filologiju 2003 (51), p.111-146 |
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Zusammenfassung: | The Ottomans found many groups of Wallachians and Albanians in all
conquered South-Slavic countries, and in the Kingdom of Bosnia only in the
feudal region of Herzegovina. The latter served in their military and economic
system, especially for populating the parts of Bosnia which had been deserted
by the indigenous population. This forced the followers of the Bosnian Church
in the Kings territories in Herzegovina and the Catholic Church followers to
flee from the Ottomans into adjacent Catholic countries, or the displacement of
the indigenous population to Asia Minor upon the Ottoman occupation.
Wallachian chiefs were included in the Ottoman timar-spahi system, and
the Wallachian population in the military ranks according to the principle of
voluntarism (martolosi), or the principle of legitimate army in the military
ranks, or on Imperial orders in the auxiliary military ranks (gorges and mountain
passages guards or derbend‘ije and falconers or dogand‘ije and dog
guides, etc.). As remuneration for service in the spahi army, Wallachian chiefs
were awarded proceeds from timars /feudal lands, property/ and ~ifluci /agrarian
land/, and the Wallachian population who were martolosi, some tax relief
or salaries (ulufed‘ije). The Wallachian population, from whose ranks the conscripts
were recruited, paid the taxes which ensured them a more favourable
economic and social position compared to the agricultural population. Those liabilities
were defined by the so-called Wallachian custom or Wallachian law,
which the Ottomans took over from the last Serb Despotate (Despots law on
the Wallachians) and, with certain amendments and additions, they applied it
to all former medieval South-Slavic countries. Laws were passed for particular
vilejets (regions) and were applied to the whole sanjak (province) to which that particular vilajet belonged. Not all sanjaks used to have their Wallachin laws,
so that those laws from the neighbouring sanjaks were applied to them. The
Wallachian population carrying out the services of gorges and mountain passages
guards, falconers and dog guides, used to pay taxes in accordance with
all provisions of the Wallachian law, or only filuria, depending on the circumstances.
The first application of the Wallachian custom, or the Wallachian law,
i.e., the Despots law on Wallachians in the territory of the South-Slavic countries
was on the Skoplje Border in 1455. The first written Ottoman Wallachian
law was issued for the vilajet of Brani~evo wi |
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ISSN: | 0555-1153 2303-8586 |