QUELQUES PRINCIPES ET CONCEPTS CLÉS DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT DU FLE

In this paper, we aim at addressing some key principles and concepts of teaching French as a foreign language, commonly known as FLE. In the introduction, we will recall the roles of the teacher, which go far beyond the common conception according to which the teacher has the simple role of transmitting knowledge. Next, we will analyze the main learning strategies that represent the techniques or methods that learners use to learn to communicate in French; These strategies are very important because they help learners to be more autonomous and independent in their learning. After reviewing the learning strategies, we will talk about the approaches related to the teaching of a foreign language: we first address the "communicative approach" whose essential objective is to learn to communicate in a foreign language in a communication situation. With the communicative approach, the priority is communication between people in a specific context. Next, we will talk about another key concept of language teaching today: the "actional approach", a new approach to learning and teaching modern languages, based on the actions that the learner performs in a foreign language. The actional perspective uses the principles of the communicative approach, but it emphasizes the notion of task. Then, we will address the place of culture in the teaching and learning of foreign languages because the link between language and culture is inseparable. To communicate well with a person, you need linguistic tools but also cultural knowledge, what is called "cultural competence". These cultural tools are essential simply to understand the society whose language one learns and to know its cultural practices. Finally, we will deal with the notion of interculturality, which consists in building bridges between cultures. The starting point for intercultural education is the awareness that there are views that interact and that they can all be different. It is also the desire to allow successful communication between people from different cultures.