OBESITY AS A CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTOR

The escalating global prevalence of obesity presents a significant public health challenge, leading to the development and progression of various cardiovascular disorders and escalating mortality rates. Obesity-induced dysregulation of adipocytes, inflammation, and oxidative stress significantly contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases, especially in individuals with visceral obesity. Obesity acts as a catalyst for hypertension, mediated by mechanisms involving sympathetic nervous system overactivity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system stimulation, and elevated leptin levels, resulting in sodium reabsorption, water retention, and hypertension. Additionally, obesity induces adverse changes in left ventricular parameters, heightening the risk of heart failure, increases the likelihood of atrial fibrillation through various mechanisms and is directly associated with heightened cardiovascular mortality.