Pułapki dosłownego tłumaczenia rosyjskiego wykrzyknika Ба! na przykładach z „Mistrza i Małgorzaty” oraz innych dzieł literackich

The text deals with the problem of translating exclamation marks and the appropriateness of conveying the emotions they convey. Numerous quotations illustrate the meaning of the Russian word Ба!, which in the original refers to surprise, amazement at the sight of someone/something, especially at an unexpected encounter. A literal translation in such situations is not justified in Polish, as the Polish unit ba – which is not identical to the Russian one – functions differently. It falls into the category of apposition or metatextual commentary, always referring to the content of the earlier context.