Evaluating indicators contributing to government effectiveness in 12 MENA regions between 2012 to 2022: employing a longitudinal data analysis

Examining government effectiveness has not been easy, as every country possesses its own specific framework, making it harder to assess effectiveness. therefore, the following paper aims to inspect several indicators contributing to government effectiveness. Despite previous papers investigating effectiveness, most of them utilized the aforementioned variable as an independent. Hence this article will evaluate factors that promote effectiveness rather than how effectiveness impacts them, while simultaneously focusing exclusively on the MENA region. Interestingly the region scores negatively according to the world bank development, particularly in government effectiveness, consequently making it a potential topic. A panel data was applied to the 12 selected MENA countries from the period of 2012 to 2022, just after two years of the Arab spring, therefore expecting some extent of development in several societal sectors. According to the results, GDP pc, RQ, and women in parliament (WIP) all have a significant positive effect at the level of p