Introduction

Study motivationFuture transportation systems face a broad range of requirements. They must be economic, clean, low-carbon, efficient, and reliable (to name just a few). These characteristics must be based not only on the vehicles, but also upon their fuel supply chains. Using hydrogen as a fuel offers a possible solution to satisfying global mobility needs, including sustainability of supply and the potential for significant reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Because hydrogen is an energy carrier that must be produced from primary energy resources, sustainability also implies that the hydrogen must be cleanly and economically produced, whether this involves carbon capture and storage (CCS), renewable energy resources, or long-term nuclear solutions.