Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis: Principles and Practice

Osteoporosis, a common bone disorder characterized by disruption of bone microarchitecture and an increased risk of fracture, is on the rise in the elderly population. The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that the number of people over the age of 65 years will increase by 88% over the next 25 years, and not surprisingly, therefore, osteoporosis has been labeled as a “new epidemic.” Its medical and surgical treatment remains a challenge as a plethora of adverse sequelae can occur, including fragility fractures and their potentially fatal outcomes.