Renormalons as Saddle Points

Instantons and renormalons play important roles at the interface between perturbative and non-perturbative quantum field theory. They are both associated with branch points in the Borel transform of asymptotic series, and as such can be detected in perturbation theory. However, while instantons are associated with non-perturbative saddle points of the path integral, renormalons have mostly been understood in terms of Feynman diagrams and the operator product expansion. We provide a non-perturbative path integral explanation of how both instantons and renormalons produce singularities in the Borel plane using representative finite-dimensional integrals. In particular, renormalons can be understood as saddle points of the 1-loop effective action, enabled by a crucial contribution from the quantum scale anomaly. These results enable an exploration of renormalons from the path integral and thereby provide a new way to probe connections between perturbative and non-perturbative physics in QCD and other theories.