Progress in multijunction solar cells

The advanced multijunction solar cell (MJSC) has emerged as a frontrunner with higher efficiency in photovoltaic literature. It started its journey with a modest 20% efficient tandem solar cell, and today, it has reached an impressive 47.1% photoconversion efficiency (PCE) with six junction combinations. Since the early 1990s, these solar cells have been utilised for space applications. Recently, there has been a trend of using this genre for terrestrial applications as well. However, the complexity and high cost of the fabrication procedure have been the significant challenges over the last three decades. The photovoltaic (PV) community has witnessed a variety of fabrication approaches to address these hurdles. This paper reviews the progression of computational and experimental research approaches of III-V MJSCs and their fabrication processes. In addition, it addresses the barriers hindering the progress of these cells and their prospects. This review gathers insights from a handful number of articles on III-V MJSCs to provide a comprehensive guide for the new entrants, experts and practitioners about the research methodologies, growth techniques, current status, challenges, and opportunities in a timely and conscious manner.