CUBES, the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph

In the era of Extremely Large Telescopes, the current generation of 8-10m facilities are likely to remain competitive at ground-UV wavelengths for the foreseeable future. The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) has been designed to provide high-efficiency (>40%) observations in the n...

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Hauptverfasser: Cristiani, S, Alcalá, J. M, Alencar, S. H. P, Balashev, S. A, Bastian, N, Barbuy, B, Battino, U, Calcines, A, Calderone, G, Cambianica, P, Carini, R, Carter, B, Cassisi, S, Castilho, B. V, Cescutti, G, Christlieb, N, Cirami, R, Coretti, I, Cooke, R, Covino, S, Cremonese, G, Cunha, K, Cupani, G, da Silva, A. R, De Caprio, V, De Cia, A, Dekker, H, D'Elia, V, De Silva, G, Diaz, M, Di Marcantonio, P, D'Auria, D, D'Odorico, V, Fitzsimmons, A, Ernandes, H, Evans, C, Franchini, M, Genoni, M, Gänsicke, B, Giribaldi, R. E, Gneiding, C, Grazian, A, Hansen, C. J, La Forgia, F, Landoni, M, Lazzarin, M, Lunney, D, Maciel, W, Marcolino, W, Marconi, M, Migliorini, A, Miller, C, Noterdaeme, P, Opitom, C, Pariani, G, Pilecki, B, Piranomonte, S, Quirrenbach, A, Redaelli, E. M. A, Pereira, C. B, Randich, S, Rossi, S, Sanchez-Janssen, R, Seifert, W, Smiljanic, R, Snodgrass, C, Stilz, I, Stürmer, J, Vanzella, E, Ventura, P, Verducci, O, Waring, C, Watson, S, Wells, M, Wright, D, Zafar, T, Zanutta, A
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Zusammenfassung:In the era of Extremely Large Telescopes, the current generation of 8-10m facilities are likely to remain competitive at ground-UV wavelengths for the foreseeable future. The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) has been designed to provide high-efficiency (>40%) observations in the near UV (305-400 nm requirement, 300-420 nm goal) at a spectral resolving power of R>20,000 (with a lower-resolution, sky-limited mode of R ~ 7,000). With the design focusing on maximizing the instrument throughput (ensuring a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ~20 per high-resolution element at 313 nm for U ~18.5 mag objects in 1h of observations), it will offer new possibilities in many fields of astrophysics, providing access to key lines of stellar spectra: a tremendous diversity of iron-peak and heavy elements, lighter elements (in particular Beryllium) and light-element molecules (CO, CN, OH), as well as Balmer lines and the Balmer jump (particularly important for young stellar objects). The UV range is also critical in extragalactic studies: the circumgalactic medium of distant galaxies, the contribution of different types of sources to the cosmic UV background, the measurement of H2 and primordial Deuterium in a regime of relatively transparent intergalactic medium, and follow-up of explosive transients. The CUBES project completed a Phase A conceptual design in June 2021 and has now entered the detailed design and construction phase. First science operations are planned for 2028.
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.2208.01672