Opinion dynamics involving contrarian and independence behaviors based on the Sznajd model with two-two and three-one agent interactions

We investigate the opinion evolution of outflow dynamics based on the Sznajd model on a complete graph involving contrarian and independence behaviors. We consider a group of four spins representing the social agents with the following scenarios: (1) scenario two-two with contrarian agents or independence agents and (2) scenario three-one with contrarian or independence agents. All of them undergo a second-order phase transition according to our simulation. The critical point decreases exponentially as \(\lambda\) and \(f\) increases, where \(\lambda\) and \(f\) are contrarian and flexibility factors, respectively. Furthermore, we find that the critical point of scenario three-one is smaller than that of scenario two-two. For the same level of \(\lambda\) and \(f\), the critical point of the scenario involving independence is smaller than the scenario with contrarian agents. From a sociophysics point of view, we observe that scenario three-one can likely reach a stalemate situation rather than scenario two-two. Surprisingly, the scenarios involving contrarians have a higher probability of achieving a consensus than a scenario involving independence. Our estimates of the critical exponents indicate that the model is still in the same universality class as the mean-field Ising model.