Studies on gluon evolution and geometrical scaling in kinematic constrained unitarized BFKL equation: application to high-precision HERA DIS data

We suggest a modified form of a unitarized BFKL equation imposing the so-called kinematic constraint on the gluon evolution in multi-Regge kinematics. The underlying nonlinear effects on the gluon evolution are investigated by solving the unitarized BFKL equation analytically. We obtain an equation of the critical boundary between dilute and dense partonic system, following a new differential geometric approach and sketch a phenomenological insight on geometrical scaling. Later we illustrate the phenomenological implication of our solution for unintegrated gluon distribution \(f(x,k_T^2)\) towards exploring high precision HERA DIS data by theoretical prediction of proton structure functions (\(F_2\) and \(F_L\)) as well as double differential reduced cross section \((\sigma_r)\). The validity of our theory in the low \(Q^2\) transition region is established by studying virtual photon-proton cross section in light of HERA data.