Development of Yangbajing Air shower Core detector array for a new EAS hybrid Experiment

Aiming at the observation of cosmic-ray chemical composition at the "knee" energy region, we have been developinga new type air-shower core detector (YAC, Yangbajing Air shower Core detector array) to be set up at Yangbajing (90.522\(^\circ\) E, 30.102\(^\circ\) N, 4300 m above sea level, atmospheric depth: 606 g/m\(^2\)) in Tibet, China. YAC works together with the Tibet air-shower array (Tibet-III) and an underground water cherenkov muon detector array (MD) as a hybrid experiment. Each YAC detector unit consists of lead plates of 3.5 cm thick and a scintillation counter which detects the burst size induced by high energy particles in the air-shower cores. The burst size can be measured from 1 MIP (Minimum Ionization Particle) to \(10^{6}\) MIPs. The first phase of this experiment, named "YAC-I", consists of 16 YAC detectors each having the size 40 cm \(\times\) 50 cm and distributing in a grid with an effective area of 10 m\(^{2}\). YAC-I is used to check hadronic interaction models. The second phase of the experiment, called "YAC-II", consists of 124 YAC detectors with coverage about 500 m\(^2\). The inner 100 detectors of 80 cm \(\times \) 50 cm each are deployed in a 10 \(\times\) 10 matrix from with a 1.9 m separation and the outer 24 detectors of 100 cm \(\times\) 50 cm each are distributed around them to reject non-core events whose shower cores are far from the YAC-II array. YAC-II is used to study the primary cosmic-ray composition, in particular, to obtain the energy spectra of proton, helium and iron nuclei between 5$\times$$10^{13}\( eV and \)10^{16}$ eV covering the "knee" and also being connected with direct observations at energies around 100 TeV. We present the design and performance of YAC-II in this paper.