High-Energy Extragalactic Neutrino Astrophysics

The detection of an astrophysical flux of neutrinos in the TeV-PeV energy range by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has opened new possibilities for the study of extreme cosmic accelerators. The apparent isotropy of the neutrino arrival directions favors an extragalactic origin for this flux, potentially created by a large population of distant sources. Recent evidence for the detection of neutrino emission from extragalactic sources includes the active galaxies TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068. We here review the current status of the search for the sources of the high-energy neutrino flux, concentrating on its extragalactic contribution. We discuss the implications of these observations for multimessenger studies of cosmic sources and present an outlook for how additional observations by current and future instruments will help address fundamental questions in the emerging field of high-energy neutrino astronomy.