Pendants of St. Anthony Cross with the Crucifixion from Estonia-Possible Badges of a Folk Pilgrimage

In 1951 a small tin pendant with crucified Christ on both sides was found from the stone grave near Aseri in north-east Estonia. In 2011 another, exactly the same kind of pendant was found from Ojaveski village while using a metal detector. Both late 16th–early 17th century pendants are made with the same mould but out of different alloys. In addition three pendants are known carrying the figure of Crucifixion. In the paper the pendants are studied, their possible origin and meaning is discussed. The authors suggest that considering the finding circumstances the pendants were most likely folksy analogies to official pilgrim badges and were used to mark a visit to local religious gatherings during the Early Modern Period.