Optimizing the Mg Doping Concentration of Na3V2–x Mg x (PO4)2F3/C for Enhanced Sodiation/Desodiation Properties

Na3V2(PO4)2F3 with a NASICON (Na-superionic conductor) structure is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) due to its high-energy density and great cycling stability. However, its low conductivity leads to inferior rate capability, which impedes its practical application. Herei...

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Veröffentlicht in:ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2021-05, Vol.9 (20), p.6962-6971
Hauptverfasser: Puspitasari, Diah Agustina, Patra, Jagabandhu, Hung, I-Ming, Bresser, Dominic, Lee, Tai-Chou, Chang, Jeng-Kuei
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Na3V2(PO4)2F3 with a NASICON (Na-superionic conductor) structure is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) due to its high-energy density and great cycling stability. However, its low conductivity leads to inferior rate capability, which impedes its practical application. Herein, we report the synthesis of carbon-coated Na3V2–x Mg x (PO4)2F3 with various Mg2+ doping levels (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1) using a facile sol–gel method. The effects of Mg2+ doping on the material and electrochemical properties are systematically investigated. The X-ray diffraction peaks shift to higher angles, reflecting a lattice contraction with increasing Mg2+ content. Rietveld refinement reveals the Na–O, V–O, and P–O bond length values of various Na3V2–x Mg x (PO4)2F3 samples. The optimal carbon-coated Na3V1.95Mg0.05(PO4)2F3 shows excellent rate capability of 80 mA h g–1 at 10 C; moreover, 88% of this capacity can be retained after 500 charge/discharge cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. The superior performance can be attributed to (i) enhanced electronic conductivity, (ii) improved Na+ transport, (iii) reduced crystal and particle sizes, and (iv) increased structural stability due to Mg2+ doping.
ISSN:2168-0485
2168-0485
DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c00418