Cu Species Incorporated into Amorphous ZrO2 with High Activity and Selectivity in CO2‑to-Methanol Hydrogenation

We prepared Cu/a-ZrO2 (a-ZrO2: amorphous ZrO2), Cu/m-ZrO2 (m-ZrO2: monoclinic ZrO2), Cu/a-ZrO2/KIT-6, and Cu/t-ZrO2/KIT-6 (t-ZrO2: tetragonal ZrO2) by a simple impregnation method and examined the effect of the ZrO2 phase on CO2-to-methanol hydrogenation. We discovered a-ZrO2-containing catalysts with high activity and selectivity in CO2-to-methanol hydrogenation. Next, we focused on Cu species formation on the above-described catalysts. While pure CuO was observed on Cu/m-ZrO2 and Cu/t-ZrO2/KIT-6, copper-zirconium mixed oxide (Cu x Zr y O z ), not pure CuO, was formed on Cu/a-ZrO2 and Cu/a-ZrO2/KIT-6, as evidenced by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and the powder color. After reducing a-ZrO2-containing catalysts with H2 at 300 °C, we observed highly dispersed Cu nanoparticles in close contact with a-ZrO2 (or Cu x Zr y O z ). In addition, methanol vapor sorption revealed that methanol adsorbed more weakly on a-ZrO2 than on m-ZrO2. Therefore, the high dispersion of Cu species and weak adsorption of methanol led to high activity and selectivity in CO2-to-methanol hydrogenation.