Optical Information Transmission and Multimode Fluorescence Anticounterfeiting of Ca2– x Mg x Ge7O16:Mn2

Multimode emission of Mn2+ for multimode fluorescence anticounterfeiting is achieved by cation site and interstitial occupancy in Ca2–x Mg x Ge7O16. The rings in Ca2–x Mg x Ge7O16 have a significant distortion for Mn2+ ions to enter the ring interstitials with a luminescence center at 665 nm, which is supported by XRD refinement results and first-principles calculations. The interstitial Mn2+ ion has good thermal stability with an activation energy of 0.36 eV. Surprisingly, these two luminescence centers, the cation site Mn and the interstitial Mn, have an obvious afterglow, and the disappearing afterglow will reappear by heating or irradiating with the 980 nm laser. The afterglow is significantly enhanced, as MnO2 is used as the manganese source, which is explained in detail by the thermal luminescence spectrum. Finally, Ca2–x Mg x Ge7O16:Mn2+ fully demonstrates its excellent prospects in fluorescent anticounterfeiting, information encryption, and optical information storage.