Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity
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Pickwick Publications
[2023]
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity |c edited by Ashley Purpura, Thomas Arentzen and Susan Ashbrook Harvey |
| 264 | 1 | |a Eugene, Oregon |b Pickwick Publications |c [2023] | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Arentzen, Thomas |d 1976- |0 (DE-588)1130735044 |4 edt | |
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Contents Contributors I vii Acknowledgements | xi Introducing Gender and Orthodox Christianity | i Ashley Purpura and Thomas Arentzen Part I: Rethinking Assumptions 1 “Women Should Be Silent in the Churches” (i Corinthians 14:34): When Stereotype Meets Gender | 17 Eleni Kasselouri-Hatzivassiliadi 2 Women, Men, and Gender in Christianity: Historical Reflections on Past and Present | 34 Susan Ashbrook Harvey 3 Matronas Lament: Reading Trans Narratives in Eastern Orthodox Traditions | 51 Rebecca E. Wiegel 4 Ancient or Modern? A Critique of Contemporary Orthodox Constructions of Gender | 70 Bryce E. Rich
5 Monastic Gynealogy The Maternal-Feminine Structure of Byzantine Women’s Asceticism | 88 Stavroula Constantinou 6 Orthodox Gender Equality and the Challenge of a Sanctified Patriarchy | 104 Ashley Purpura 7 Domestic Violence in Church Life and Culture | 123 Lena Zezulin Part II: Gender and Participation 8 Childbed Prayers: Historical Development, Discourses, Chances | 149 Eirini Afentoulidou 9 Purifying the Churching Prayers: Reconciling the Post Childbirth Prayers with the Church’s Theology I 169 Carrie Frederick Frost 10 Women and Their Position within the Liturgical Life of the Coptic and Oriental Orthodox Churches | 182 Donna Rizk-Asdourian 11 The Role of Women in the Liturgical Life of the Church: Is It Always about Ordination? | 201 Teva Regule 12 Incarnating the Heavenly Reality of the Church: Some Contemporary Applications for the Ministry of Women | 223 Olga Lossky 13 Anca Manolache: A Rather Lonely Voice in the Romanian Orthodox Church | 235 Lucian Turcescu Subject Index | 255 Scripture Index | 271
Subject Index Note: n indicates footnotes. Amma Sarah, St. (St. Sarah), 2,10, 38 Amnesty International, 135 Anargyroi [typikon], 92П19 Anastasia the Deaconess, 39 Ancient Eastern Mediterranean culture, 154 Ancient Taboos and Gender Prejudice: Challenges for Orthodox Women and the Church (Liveris), 8, 29, 44П41 Andrew [biblical], 24 Angaelos, Bishop, 188 Anglicanism, 219168 Anglo-Saxons, 155 ANNA, 140 Anne, St. [biblical], 91 Annunciation, 118132 Antigone, 89П6 Antioch [historical], 205 Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America, 174,178-79 Antiochus the Monk, 713 Anzaldùa, Gloria, 57119 Apostolic Constitutions, 152,189, 202, 204118 Apostolic Tradition (Egyptian Church Order), 186, 189127 abortion, 162-64, 179118, 236-37 Academy of Moscow, 78п3 2 ACER, 229 Act on the Prevention of Domestic Violence, 138 The Acts ofPaul (and Theda) (Elliot, ed.), 28 Adam [biblical] before vs. after the fall, 74017 as cultural paradigm, 124 as dominant, 17, 28 Eve coming from rib of, 245 as gendered, 3 5 as inherently heterosexual, 71 link between Christ and, 80, 216 Afentoulidou, Eirini, 6,11,149-66,170 Agapia, Romania, 205,211,244 AIDS, 237 Aizura, Aren, 55113 Albania, 137 Alexander of Nigeria, Metropolitan, 156 Alexandria [historical], 194-95 Alexius Comnenus, Emperor, 131 altar servers, 186,211П36,213-16 Ambrose of Milan, 75 Amherst, Lady, 187116 Amida [historical], 41 255
256 Subject Index Apphia [biblical], 27 Appollos [biblical], 27-28 Aquila [biblical], 27 Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe, 228 Arentzen, Thomas, 1-12 Argentina, 193 Aristophanes, 35,77127 Aristotelianism, 74 Aristotle, 74—75118 Armenia, 192-93 Armenian Orthodoxy, 7,183,186,190, 192-94 Asia Minor, 53 Assiut, Egypt, 19134 Astrakhan, Russia, 193 Atamian, Seta, 190 Athanasius, St., 179 Athos, Mt„ 131 Augustine of Canterbury, 154 Augustine of Hippo, 74117, 75-76,79 Austen, Jane, 134 Babylas the Eunuch, 58,63-66 Balsamon, Theodore, 163035,164 baptism and the altar, 3,176-80, 229 equality regarding, 3, 20П9, 26, 28, 43,131, 202-3, 218, 223, 225 229-31, 233 inequality regarding, 3,186, 246 in the Pauline tradition, 3, 20П9, 26, 28 and ritual purity, 152-53,170-72, 194, 246 women’s role in administration of, 30, 36,192-94, 207 Barberini Codex, 204118 Bardaisan, 184 Bartholomew I of Constantinople, 206 Basil of Ancyra, St., 75118 Basil of Caesarea, St. (St. Basil the Great), 1,18, 76,130,163-64, 19З Bassianos, St., 39-40,63 BebaiaElpis [convent], 94023, 95-96 Bebaia Elpis [typikon], 92119 Beemyn, Genny, 59124, 62132 Behr-Sigel, Elisabeth on the diaconate, 206 on female ordination, 223-31, 233-34 on gender essentialism, 81148 on gender inequality, 3,18пг, 246 on the presbyterate, 218-19 on women’s roles in Orthodox Christianity, 6, 241, 243124 Beijing +10,136 Beijing +20,136 Beijing+5,136 Berdiaev, Nikolai, 78-79 Bergman, David, 57119 Bernice [daughter of St. Domnina], 76 Bible, Hebrew. See Old Testament The Biblical and Missionary Institute, 239 Blackstone,
William, 132 Bobrinskoy, Fr. Boris, 206 Böhme, Jakob, 77-79,83 Bolshevik Revolution, 73 Book ofNeeds. See The Great Book of Needs (St. Tikhon) Bosnia and Herzegovina, 137-38 Boston, Massachusetts, 190 Botte, Bernard, 189127 Boyd, Richard N., 62 Bucharest, Romania, 239, 241 Bulgakov, Sergius, 79 Bulgaria, 156, 205 Bursa, Turkey, 193 Butler, Judith, 57119, 84156, 113122 Byzantine Orthodoxy equality of the diaconate in, 1, 204, 206 euchologia of, 15012, 158124 female choirs in, 185П9 gender of readers in, 212 hierarchy as non-gendered in, 4,112 influence of women on, 10615, 114 laws of pregnancy loss in, 162-64 marriage and domestic violence in, 125,127-34,142 maternal-feminine structure of womens asceticism in, 88-101 as patriarchal, no
Subject Index purification of mothers in, 172-73 scholarship on gender/sex in, 8, 10513 separation of men and women in, 187114 taboos about birth and menstruation in, 152-53 types of monastic groups in, 5, 39-41 women as subordinate in, 116, 243 Cabasilas, Nicholas, 111 Caesar, 126,134 Caesarea [historical], 19 Cairo, Egypt, 19 5, 197158, 19 8П6 0 Calabria, Italy, 211 California, 135,188 Calivas, Fr. Alkiviadis, 178, 214П48 Cana [biblical], 24 Canada, 133, 244126 Cappadocian thought, 2 Cartea de Invä{äturä (TeachingBook), 243 Carter, Jimmy, 135 Case, Sue-Ellen, 57119 Catherine, Mother (Countess Efimovsky), 205 Catholicism, 73113, 143,190-91, 203, 211136, 213, 217158 Ceauçescu, Nicolae, 236 CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women), 136 Cenchreae [historical], 27-28 Charter, UN, 135 Chifescu, N., 244 childbirth etymology of the word, 90П9 gender at, 76 history of and scholarship regarding, 149-60 imagery in the Bible of, 43 intersex conditions at, 83154 irrelevance of post-resurrection, 74 77 and pregnancy loss, 162,165-66 reconciling post-childbirth prayers with Church theology, 169-80 and ritual purity laws, 19136, 194, 246-47 sanctification of absent in liturgy, 118П34,119 and womens participation in the church, 6,11,18 choirs, female, 183-89 Chrismation, 202, 218, 225 Christ. See Jesus Christ Christendom, 29,109,192,194 Christology, 118, 231, 240, 250 Chryssavgis, Deacon John, 202, 204, 210 Church of Antioch, 214 Church of Greece, 6 Church of Russia, 210134 Church of St. Sarkis, 194 Church Tradition. See Holy Tradition Chuza
[biblical], 23 Clapsis, Rev. Emmanuel, 214148 Clément, Olivier, 206,22616 On Clerical Orders and the Royal Family (Goi), 193 Cleveland, Ohio, 188 CNSAS (National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives), 239П15 Coakley, Sarah, 219168 Code of Justinian, 127 Cohen, Michael, 133122 Cold War, 135 Comforter. See Holy Spirit Commentaries on the Laws ofEngland (Blackstone), 132 Commentary on Romans (Origen), 204118 Commission on Theology and Spirituality, 241 Communist Party, 236 Conference of Catholic Bishops, U.S., 143 consecration, womens as deaconesses, 1,7,185, i86nio, 19 3, 197157, 19 8П6 0 in female choirs, 185, i86nio as readers, 190П30 Constable, Giles, допо 257
Subject Index 258 Constantinople [historical] Convent of Bebaia Elpis, 93 Convent of Lips, 90m 2 Convent of the Mother of God Kecharitomene, 90П10 Matrona’s cross-dressing monastery in, 39-40, 51,63, 67 monastic gender play in, 4П10, 38-40 support of the female diaconate in, 193 Constantinou, Stavroula, 5, 88-101 “Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Identity and the Challenges of Pluralism and Sexual Diversity in a Secular Age” project, 9П21 Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), 136 Conventions, UN, 136 Coontz, Stephanie, 123 Coptic Cathedral of Old Cairo, 195 Coptic Cathedral of Stevenage, 188 Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, 188 Coptic Orthodoxy, 7,182-98 Corinth [historical], 19, 27,190 Corley, Kathleen E., 28124 Correction of the Law (Indreptarea Legii: Pravila cea Mare), 243 Council of Europe, 136, 245 Council of Europe Convention (Istanbul Convention), 138 COVID-19,140 Crete, Greece, 44П41,105,118П34, 206 Croatia, 137-38 Cromwell, Jason, 59124, 62П32 cross-dressing people in Orthodox Christianity, 39,41, 53-54, 57-59,62-64 Cursus Honorum, 213 Cyprian of Carthage, 71П3,189 Damascus, Syria, 206 Damascus [historical], 19 de Lauretis, Teresa, 5 7η 19 deaconesses. See diaconate, female “Deaconesses, Ordination of Women and Orthodox Theology” conference,” 206 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (UN High Commissioner for Human Rights), 133 Decree-Law 770, 236 Deisis, 225 Demetrios I, 5, 205 Democratic Party, 135 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 7 Development Programme, UN, 138 diaconate, female age
requirement for the, 203 n8 arguments for and against the restoration of the, 6-7, 201-2, 205-10, 220, 228, 244 female choir’s role in the, 184-85, i86nio female reader’s role in the, 190 and gender equality, 3 history of the, 1, 6,192-98, 204118 importance of the, 18 monastic gender play in the, 39 and the participation of women in church, 7,183 Didascalia Apostolorum, 152,154, 204118 Dimitrova, Margaret, 156 Dionysius of Alexandria, Pope, 154,194, 214149, 246 Dionysius the Areopagite [biblical], 111 discrimination, religious gender-based abolition of, 26,136, 225, 238 awareness of, 5-6,10, 30, 239, 245-46, 251 history of, 21, 235, 245-46 improvements in, 6 and reconciling Orthodox gender equality with a sanctified patriarchy, 104-7, H7 119 Divine Liturgy, 25,186,219 Dollimore, Jonathan, 57119 Domnina, St., 76 Drosis, St., 76 Dudko, Fr. Dmitri, 135
Subject Index Early Christian Women and Pagan Opinion (MacDonald), 2inio Easter, 25 Eastern Christianity contemporary female ministry in, 223 female choirs in, 184 female diaconate in, 195, 209 gender play in, 39 lack of female acolytes in, 211136 ritual purity laws in, 155,157-58, 171-73 Eastern Diocese of New York, 186,190 Eastern Europe, 137, 238 Eastern Orthodoxy, 6-7, 24, 51-67, 198П60 Ecumenical Forum of European Christian Women, 241 Ecumenical Patriarchate, 228 Edessa, Greece, 192 Efimovsky, Countess (Mother Catherine), 205 Egypt, 15 4, 187116, 188122, 191-9 2, 194-9 5, 197158, 198П60 Egyptian Church Order (Apostolic Tradition), 186, 189127 Elizabeth [biblical], 23 Elliot, John, 20—2119 Elliot, Patricia, 57119 Elpidius, Bishop, 192 Emmelia, St., 91 England, 132,156 Enke, Finn, 53П6,62П30 Enlightenment, 123,141,159 Ephesus [historical], 19 Ephrem the Syrian, St., 42-43,183-84 Episcopalianism, 202 Eriugena, John Scotus, 77 essentialism, gender altar server as example of, 213 applying critical theory to, 7, 72-73, 83-84 connection between motherhood and, 160 history of, 36, 41,73, 79-80, 83 modern, 73-74, 76, 80-84 and reconciling Orthodox gender equality with a sanctified patriarchy, 107,109,113 and womens ordination, 72,160, 230 Eternal Feminine, 80П44 An Ethics of Sexual Difference (Irigaray), 89П6 Ethiopia, 192 Eucharist birth as impediment to receiving the, 170,174,176013, 19136 connection between blood and the, 247 and gender equality, 3 marriage ceremony as part of the, 131 menstruation as impediment to receiving the, 152 ordination in the context of the, 203-4,
212, 225, 229, 231, 233-34 women’s responsibilities during, 30, 207 Euchologion. see also The Great Book of Needs (St. Tikhon); Trebnik female deacons in the, 204η 18 post-childbirth prayers in the, 150- 5b 153.155 169,175, 246 pregnancy loss prayers in the, 161-62 sanctification of female concepts absent in the, 18п34, 155,157, 175 Eugenia, St., 111 ni7 Eugenia Kantakouzene, 96 eunuchs in Orthodox Christianity, 4-5, 40-41, 57-58, 63-66,104, ШП17 Euphemia, St., 41 Euphrosyne Palaiologina, 94-96 Eupraxia, 99-101 Eurocentrism, 5212 Europe, 1, 73,132-34,136-37,157 223,238 European Commission, 88ni European Convention of Human Rights, 136 259
Subject Index 2бО European Union, 88ni, 136 Evans, Mary, 26 Evdokimov, Paul (Pavel), 70, 79, 117П31, 230 Eve [biblical] as female paradigm, 42,92-93 as gendered, 35 as inherently heterosexual, 71 link between Mary and, 80, 216-17 as not female paradigm, 250 subordination of, 17, 28, 227, 245 Evodia [biblical], 27 The Experience of God (Manolache, ed.), 239 Faculty of Orthodox Theology, 241 Family Act, 138 Fathers of the Church and gender essentialism, 76-77, 80 influence of on theology, 52П4,191 on patristic tradition, 250 on pregnancy loss, 162 on the subordination of women, 243,247 Feast of Pentecost, 195 Featherstone, Jeffrey, 66 Felicitas, 76 Feminine Problematics (Manolache), 243 Finnish Orthodoxy, 4П8 Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler, 17, 20, 30П27 First International Orthodox Womens Consultation, 244 FitzGerald, Kyriaki Karidoyanes, 217 Florovsky Lecture, Orthodox Theological Society, 218П63 fluid, gender as, 3-4,46, 56, 219168 Ford, Gerald, 135 Fordham University, 45П41 Foucault, Michel, 113122 France, 132,135,156, 206, 227-29, 241 French Orthodoxy, 223, 246 Freud, Sigmund, 78, 83 Frost, Carrie Frederick, 6, 8,11, io6n6, 152П4,169-80 Galen of Pergamum, 74—75118 Galenic medicine, 74, 75118 Galilee [historical], 19, 22-23 Garber, Marjorie, 57119 Gayaneh, St., 190П33,193 General Assembly, UN, 136 Georgia, 180 Germana, 101 Germanos 1,4η 10 Gillet, Fr. Lev, 223 Glibetic, Nina, 162,164 Golden Age of the Church, 191 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 136 Gorgonia, St., 2 Goi, Mxitar, 193 The Great Book ofNeeds (St. Tikhon), 150,162,169,172,174, 177116, 179118 Great Entrance, 209 Great
Hierarchs of the Church, 2 Greco-Roman Mediterranean culture, 154 Greece addressing womens religious issues at meeting in, 5,105,118П34, 205-6, 211, 216, 220 domestic violence in, 138 female diaconate in historical, 192 post-childbirth prayers in, 176 sexual reassignment laws in, 7218 view of miscarriage in, 164 women’s absence from council meeting in, 44П41 Greek Archdiocese of America, 174,178 Greek Orthodoxy, 7, 7218, 13 3, 16028 Gregory I, Pope (St. Gregory the Great), 154 Gregory of Nazianzus, St. (Gregory the Theologian), 2,18, 83155, 131, 219 Gregory of Nyssa, St. (Gregory Nyssen) on the female monastic community, 38, 9117, 98,101 on gender essentialism, 73-74, 75118, 76-77 79 Gregory Palamas, St., 250 Gregory the Great, St. (Pope Gregory I). 154
Subject Index Gregory the Theologian (St. Gregory of Nazianzus), 2,18,83055,131, 219 Gumilevsky, Al exsandr, 205 Hale, Sir Matthew, 132 Harrison, Nonna Verna, 114123 Harvey, Susan Ashbrook, 5, 34-47,91, 184 Hebrews, 247 Hellenism, 26,155 Helsinki Act, 135 Herod [biblical], 23 Heyes, Cressida, 55112, 60П27 High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN, 133 High Priest, 24, 217-18 Hippocratic medicine, 74, 74—75118 Hippolytus, 186,189,194 History of the Province of Sisakan (Örbelian), 193 Hjälm, Michael, 9 Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, 44—45141, 105,106П6,107,115126, 205 Holy Communion, 30,157,174, 208,228 Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology, 214148, 216153 Holy Doors, 177, 229 Holy Gifts, 231 Holy Mysteries, 174, 246 Holy Spirit gender associations of the, 70, 78-81,113, 218, 230 and gender equality, 1,227, 229, 231 home as presence of the, 19 Orthodox Tradition as singular account of the, 5,109,111,198, 249-50 presence of at ordination, 203-4, 233 revelation by the, 63 Holy Synod of Antioch, 11834 Holy Tradition contemporary challenges in the, 223, 225, 241,250 contradiction of the, 183 cultural tradition vs., 125 as dynamic, 5,149,226 female choirs in the, 189 as patriarchal, 120, 216-18, 226 and pregnancy loss, 162 rejection of the, 191 as static, 149 trans people in the, 51 understanding of the, 191 womens church participation as part of the, 198, 214 Holy Trinity contemporary model of the, 224-25 gender diversity of the, 70, 79,113, 218, 227-28 as non-gendered, 80П45 understanding the, 35 Holy Wisdom, 42, 75, 77, 80П44 Homilies on Romans (Chrysostom),
204η18 homosexuality, issues in Orthodox Christianity relating to, 46, 71, 72П9,141, 245 Норко, Fr. Thomas, 79-81, 213146, 217-19,230 Horizon 2020, European Union, 88ni Hovorun, Cyril, 9 Hovsepian, Archbishop Vatché, 190 Ignatios the Younger, 4П10 Ignatius IV of Antioch, 71П3,118П34, 241 Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, 184,192 In Memory of Her (Fiorenza), 30П27 Indreptarea Legii: Pravila cea Mare {Correction of the Law), 243 International Conference for Orthodox Women, 211 International Womens Year, 243 Inter-Orthodox Theological Symposium, 1988, 5, 205-6, 211, 216, 220 intersex people in Orthodox Christianity, 57, 71, 7219, 73112, 83154 8 4 Iran, 55П10,193-94 Irenaeus of Lyons, 80 Irene Doukaina Komnene, Empress, 9 0П10, 9 0П12, 94123, 97129, 100-101 261
2б2 Subject Index Irene of Chrysobalanton, 96-98 Irigaray, Luce, 88-92, 95,101,108, 113122 Islam, 164,187, 247 Israelites [biblical], 22, 42 Istanbul, Turkey, 138,190П33,193, 206 Istanbul Convention (Council of Europe Convention), 138 Italy, 211 Ivan, I., 244 Jacob of Serug, 42,184 James of Edessa, 192 Jeauneau, Edouard, 77129 Jefferson, Thomas, 126 Jeffreys, Sheila, 59126 Jena Romanticism, 78 Jericho [historical], 19 Jerusalem [historical], 19, 23,116, 205 Jesus Christ Body of, 30, 80, 204, 208, 214, 225 Bride of, 43, 80 female imagery of, 43, 250 on gender equality, 225-28, 231-32, 234, 242. 246, 249-50 on impurity, 171 link between Adam and, 80, 216 male association of, 81, 83155, 217-19, 230-31 on marriage, 124-25,142-43 ministry of, 202, 210, 216 priesthood as icon of, 70, 81П46, 111,113, 204, 217-19, 231-32 references to women in the gospels of, 22-26 relationship of nuns with, 94,96, 97129, 100 resurrection of, 19, 26 role of the home in teachings of, 19-20 sacrifice of, 231, 247 as Son of God, 24, 70,78-79, 80ПП44-45, 81, 94,112,161, 250 suffering of, 22, 29124 on transcendence of gender, 1, 3, 20-21ПП8-9, 26, 28,37, 225, 242 Joanna [biblical], 23 John bar Qursos, Bishop, 192 John Chrysostom, St. on childbed impurity, 152,154 on female deacons, 204118, 218-19, 231 on gender ambiguity, 46 on gender essentialism, 73, 76 on marriage, 142 on ordination, 202 on the subordination of women, 18,243 use of gendered imagery by, 43 on women as missionaries, 25 John of Damascus, St, 18, 73, 250 John the Baptist, St. [biblical], 22-25, 79П41, 225 John the Forerunner. See John
the Baptist, St. [biblical] Joppa [historical], 19 Jorgensen, Christine, 56Ш5 Judaism anti-Semitism in the Gospels, 46 equality in, 26, 225, 242 gender essentialism in, 73, 77-78 intersex conditions in, 83154 marriage laws in Christianity and, 128,130 Orthodox Christian beliefs coming from, 19 ritual purity laws in, 153,155,173, 247 249 Julia, 100-101 Julitta, 76 Jung, Carl, 78, 83 Junia [biblical], 27 Justin Martyr, 70П3,189, 209 Justinian, Emperor, 75118, 127 Kabbalah, 78, 83 Kafalyans, 193 Kalaitzidis, Pantelis, 9 Karras, Valerie, 81П48 Kasselouri-Hatzivassiliadi, Eleni, 17-30 Kazhdan, Alexander, 1161128 Kecharitomene [typikon], 92119 Kenya, 180 Khodr, Metropolitan Georges, 241, 243
Subject Index Kievan Rus, 133 Kligman, Gail, 236 Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 7 Kornblatt, Judith, 78135 Kosmas of Aetolia, Metropolitan, 7218 Kristin Lavransdatter (Undset), 172 Kuhlmann, Quirinius, 78П32 Kupari, Helena, 8 Ladies’ Month, 44П39 Lambronaii, Nerses, 193 Laodicea, 214149, 215152 Laqueur, Thomas, 74-75118 Larin, Vassa, 118П34 Late Antique Syria, 152 Late Antiquity ascetic trends in, 2,63,15 5 eunuchs in, 57 gender norms in, 2,37,39, 63, 67 sacralization of religious life in, 153 scholarship on gender/sex in, 8 trans reading of text from, 52-53 view of women in, 114 Law 3500/2006 For Combating Domestic Violence, 133 Lawrence, St., 40124 Leave it to Beaver [TV show], 123 Lebanon, 193, 241, 243 Lebanon, Mount, 243 Lectionary, 190,191034 Lent, 116 Leo VI, Emperor, 131,152 Leontius of Byzantium, 241 Letters of Pliny to Trajan, 204m 8 Levant [historical], 63 Levitical purity laws in Christianity, 153, 171,173, 191136, 245-46 LGBT people. See homosexuality, issues in Orthodox Christianity relating to Life ofEupraxia, 99-101 Life of Irene of Chrysobalanton, 96 Life ofMacrina (Gregory of Nyssa), 91117, 98,101 Life ofMary ofEgypt (Sophronius), 116 Life of St. Matrona (Featherstone), 40П24, 51-53, 56, 58,63-64, 66 Lips [convent], 90П12 Lips [typikon], 92119 Liturgy of John Chrysostom, 106П4 Liturgy of the Faithful, 209 Liveris, Leonie В., 8, 29 Logos, 80, 249 Long, Scott, 57119 Los Angeles, California, 188 Lossky, Nicolas, 206 Lossky, Olga, 11, 223-34 Lossky, Vladimir, 240, 248 Lot-Borodine, Myrrha, 241 Lukas of Manfalot, Bishop, 19134 Luke [biblical], 23-24
Lutheranism, 78П32, 223 Lydia [biblical], 27 MacDonald, Margaret, 2inio Macedonia, 137 Macrina, St., 38, 74, 76,91, 98-99 Manolache, Anca Lucia, 235-51 Manvelian, Ani, 194 Maria (daughter of St. Euphemia), 41 Marian feasts, 118132 Marina/Marinos, St., 39,40П26 Mariology, 250 Mark [biblical], 22, 24-25 “Marriage, Family, and Scripture” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45П41 “Marriage and its Impediments” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45141 Married Womens Property Acts, 132 Martha [biblical], 22, 24 Martimort, Aimé Georges, 192 Mary [biblical] as example of a subordinate woman, 116-18 as female paradigm, 42-43,79141, 91 gospel accounts of, 22-24 link between Eve and, 80, 216-17, 250 nativity of, 156 as part of the Deisis, 225 purification of, 157,171 263
2б4 Subject Index Mary Magdalene [biblical], 23-26 Al-Maskeen, Fr. Matta, 191 Massachusetts, 190 Maitoc, 193 Matenadaran, 193144 Maternal Body: A Theology of Incarnation from the Christian East (Frost), 8 Matrona of Perge, St, 39-40, 51-67 Matthew [biblical], 24 Maximus the Confessor, St, 73,111, 240-42 McDowell, Maria, 217, 219-20 Mediterranean culture, 2inio, 34,154 Medvedev, Roy, 135 Medvedev, Zhores, 135 Meeting of the Lord, 157 Melania the Elder, 38 menstruation, issues in Christian Orthodoxy regarding, 119,15255,157,172.194, 228, 245 Mercer, Kobena, 57119 Messiah, 23, 25, 242, 249 Metaphrastes, Symeon, 115124 Meyendorff, John, 126 Meyerowitz, Joanne, 54-5 5П10, 56m 5 Michael the Great, 192 Middle Ages, 132,157,191-92 Millennium Conference, UN, 136 Ministry of the Interior, Russian, 139 Minor Orders, 189, 202, 211, 213-14 Miroiu, Mihaela, 237-38 miscarriage, 151-52,161-66,179 “The Mission of the Orthodox Church in Todays World,” 105 “The Mission of the Orthodox Church in Today’s World” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45П41 Model Penal Code of 1962,133 Molitfelnic (Molitvelnic), 246 Monolache, Anca, 6 Montanism (New Prophecy), 37 Montenegro, 138 Moraga, Cherrie, 5 7η 19 Moscow Council, 1917-1918, 210134 228 Mother of God Kecharitomene [convent], 90П10, 90П12 The Mystical as Political: Democracy and Non-Radical Orthodoxy (Papanikolaou), 142 Napoleonic Code, 132 Napoleonic era, 140 Nasiliu, 140 Nathanael [biblical], 24 National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives (CNSAS), 239115 Nativity of Mary, 156 Nectaria, 192 NeilosDamilas [typikon], 92П19
Nemesius of Emesa, 75118 Neoplatonism, 5315, 74 Nestorios, 38 NetMAR (Network for Medieval Arts and Rituals), 88ni Network for Medieval Arts and Rituals (NetMAR), 88ni New Adam, 80 “New Directions in Orthodox Thought and Practice: Gender and Sexuality in Orthodox Christianity” project, 9 New Julfa, Iran, 193 New Prophecy (Montanism), 37 New Testament, 11,18-19, 36,42, 80, 124,152 New York City, New York, 134 Nicene Creed, 80 Nicholas I, Czar, 205 Nicodemus [biblical], 25 Nigerian Orthodoxy, 156 Nikephoros, 152-53 Nobel Peace Prize, 135 Nomocanon, 133 Nomokanones, 153 nonbinary people in Orthodox Christianity, 56-58,60, 73112 Nordermann, Konrad, 78132 North America, 44139, 119 Norway, 9, 75118, 180 Novel 89,131
Subject Index Nyssen, Gregory (St. Gregory of Nyssa) on the female monastic community, 38, 91П17, 98,101 on gender essentialism, 73-74, 75118, 76-77, 79 OCA (Orthodox Church of America), 118П34 “Office of Setting Apart Readers and Chanters,” 212 Ohio, 188 oikonomia, 153,157 Old Testament cultural commandments in the, 124 gendered imagery in the, 42 lack of intersex people in the, 83154 references to women in the, 22 ritual purity laws in the, 155, 245-46 subjection of women in the, 227, 242, 245 Olympias the Deaconess, 3 Orbêlian, Bishop Stepanos, 193 ordination, womens arguments for and against, 6m 5, 160, 23 9-40, 244 contemporary applications for women’s ministries, 223-24, 230-33 definition of ordination, 202-4 and the diaconate, 7,192-97, 204-7, 210-11 focusing on the word of God, 209-10 and gender essentialism, 72, 81, 83 history of, 1 recapturing the philanthropic dimension of the liturgy, 209 role of women in the liturgical life of the Church, 182,198, 201-20 strengthening the pastoral care of the faithful, 208-9 women as altar servers, 213-16 women as choir members, 185,188 women as presbyters, 216-20 women as readers/chanters, 190, 211-13 Oriental Orthodoxy, 6,182-98 Origen, 204118 Orthodox Christianity and Gender: Dynamics of Tradition, Culture and Lived Practice (Kupari and Vuola, eds.), 8 Orthodox Church of America (OCA), 118П34 The Orthodox Dogmatic Theology (Manolache, ed.), 239 Orthodox Empire, 125,134 Orthodox Perspectives on Creation” [consultation], 205123 Orthodox Theological Society of America, 45141, 216153, 218П63 Orthodox Tradition. See Holy
Tradition Oslo, Norway, 9 Oslo Coalition on Freedom of Religion or Belief, 9,170 Otreios, Bishop, 193 Otto, Rudolf, 247 Palestine [historical], 19, 22 Palladius of Galatia, 3 Papanikolaou, Aristotle, 9,142 Paradise, 74117 Paris, France, 135, 206, 227-28, 241 Parliament, Greek, 7218 Parliament, Romanian, 245 Parousia, 251 Patsavos, Lewis, 214148 Paul, St. contradictions in the writings of, 249 on female choirs, 184,186 on female deacons, 204118 on female readers, 190-91 on gender ambiguity, 46 on gender equality, 1, 3-5, 225, 227, 242 on gender essentialism, 80 on marriage, 126,130 monastic gender play by, 38,43 references to women in the Pauline epistles, 26-28 on the silence of women, 17-18, 20ПП8-9, 26,184,190-91 265
266 Subject Index Pauline Christianity female readers in, 190 and gender equality, 3, 20, 227, 242 and gendered imagery in the Bible, 43137 tradition of women in, 26-29 women’s place in church in, 217 Pelagia/Pelagios of Antioch, St., 39-40, 76,115124 Pentecost, 25,195 perichoresis, 71, 224 Perpetua, St., 38, 76 Peter [biblical], 24 Peter Chartophylax, 152-53 Philanthropes [typikon], 92019 Philemon [biblical], 27 Philip [biblical], 24 Philippi [historical], 19, 26-27 Philo, 77 Philokalia (Manolache, ed.), 239 Phoebe [biblical], 27-28 Phota, St., 25 Photini, St., 25 “The Place of the Woman in the Orthodox Church and the Question of the Ordination of Women” gathering, 216 Platitera, 117 Plato, 3 5, 74118, 75120, 7 7-7 8 Platonism, 73, 83 Poland, 193 Polynices, 89П6 Potapov, Very Rev. Victor, 135 Prague Spring, 135 Prayer ofReconciliation, 197П57 “Prayers for a Woman on the Fortieth Day of Childbirth,” 150-51, 155-56,158,169 “Prayers on the First Day after a Woman Has Given Birth to a Child,” 172, 175 179 pregnancy loss. See miscarriage Presbyterate age requirement for the, 20318 altar server not a common link to the, 214 ordination of women to the, 201-2, 205, 207, 212, 213146, 216-17, 219-20 “Presence in the Past” (Beemyn), 59124 Presentation in the Temple, 118132 “On the Priesthood” (Chrysostom), 202 Priscilla [biblical], 27 Problematica Femenind (Manolache), 240П16 Prosdoce [daughter of St. Domnina], 76 Prosser, Jay, 57119 Protestantism, 73113, 191, 203 Public Orthodoxy [blog], 45П41, 71 Purification of Mary, 157,171 purity, ritual connection between birth and, 149, 191зб,
246-47. 249 dissociation of the female body from impurity, 92 euchological language regarding, 118П34,119,152-59,169-80 of intersex people, 83154 and pregnancy loss, 161,165 and women’s participation in the church, 11 Purpura, Ashley, 1-12,104-20 Putin, Vladimir, 141 Rachel [biblical], 22 Raising of Incense, 197157 readers, female inclusion of in Orthodox churches, 183,189-92,198, 228 as stepping stone to ordination or not, 201, 207, 211-14, 220 The Reception of the Holy and Great Council: Reflections of Orthodox Christian Women (Frost), io6n6 Red Square, 78132 Regule, Teva, 7,11, 201-20 Reis, Elizabeth, 52П4 Reproductive Health Survey, 137 Republic (Plato), 77129 Rhodes, Greece, 5, 205-6, 211, 216, 220 Rich, Bryce E., 70-84 Ricoeur, Paul, 249 Rizk-Asourdian, Donna, 7,11,182-98 Roman Catholicism, 73113, 203, 211П36, 213, 217158 Roman Empire, 36-37,192, 213 Romania, 205, 211, 235-39, 241, 24345. 248, 251
Subject Index Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America, 211137 Romanian Orthodoxy, 235-51 Romanian Patriarchate, 240 Romanticism, 1, 73,78, 83 Rome [historical), 19,126,155 Royal Priesthood, 202, 225, 230, 233 Rubenson, Samuel, 191 Rublev, Andrei, 224-25 Rufus, John, 38 Russia, 78П32, 78134, 106П5,124,134, 139-40,193 Russian Consortium of Women’s NonGovernmental Organizations, 140 Russian Empire, 133-34 Russian Federation, 124,139 Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, 142 Russian Orthodoxy marriage and domestic violence in, 133.139-40,142 persecution of religion in, 135-36 restoration of the female diaconate in, 205, 211, 223 understanding of intersex people in, 7118 Sacra Parallela (John of Damascus), 18 The Sacraments in the Life of the Church (Manolache), 250 El-Sadat, Anwar, 197 Sakharov, Andrei, 135 Samaritan Woman [biblical], 22, 24-25, 249 San Francisco, California, 135 Sarah, St. (St. Amma Sarah), 2,10,38 Sarkissian, Archbishop, 194 Satan, 38,40126, 42 Securitate, 239115 Sedgwick, Eve, 57119 Seraphim, Bishop, 188 Serapion, Bishop, 188 Serbia, 138,164,176,180 Serbia and Montenegro, 137 Serbian Orthodoxy, 176 Services ofInitiation (Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America), 174,179 Services of Initiation (Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA), 175 Shahat, Fr. Victor, 19034 Shenouda III, Pope, 188,195-97,197~ 98ПП59-60 Shevtsov, Fr. Theodore, 142 Sidéris, Georges, 57121 Simon Peter [biblical], 24 Skeuophylakion, 209 Skidmore, Emily, 62129 Sofia, Bulgaria, 205 Sokolov, Oleg, 140 Sola Scriptura, 191 Soloviev, Vladimir, 78-79 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 135
Sophia, Divine, 79, 80П44 Sophia, Virgin, 77, 79 Sophocles, 89п6 Sophronius, St., 116 On the Soul and the Resurrection (Gregory of Nyssa), 74 Soviet Union, 135 Sozomen, 192 St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, 227 St. Bishoy’s Monastery, 197 St. Catherine’s Vision, 6115 St. Euthymius, 193 St. Macarius Monastery, 191 St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 St. Phoebe Center for the Deaconess, 6П15 St. Shenouda Church, 187 St Tikhon’s Monastery, 15012, 177116 St. Tikhon’s Seminary Press, 162 St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Seminary, 81, 213146, 218 Stäniloae, Fr. Dumitru, 239-40, 244, 248 Stethatos, Niketas, 111 Streett, Matthew, 176, 177116 Stryker, Susan, 5212, 55113, 56115 Sunday School, 185, 197159 Susanna [biblical], 23 Sychar [historical], 24 267
268 Subject Index Symeon of Thessalonica (Thessaloniki), St., 177-78 Symposium (Plato), 35,77129 “Symposium on Pastoral Care and Sexuality” project, 9п21 Synaxarium, 190 Synodal Committee on Liturgical Renewal of the Church of Greece, 176 Synoptic Gospels, 20П8, 23, 24115 Syntyche [biblical], 27 Syria, 118П34,152,154, 206, 243 Syriac Orthodoxy, 42132, 91,184-85, i86nio, 188,190,192 Syrian Orthodoxy, 183 Syrophoenician Woman [biblical], 24 Talmud, 83154 Tarsus [historical], 2 Tawadros II, Pope, 187 Teaching Book (Cartea de Inväfäturä), 243 Tehran, Iran, 194 Tertullian, 36-37,189 Thecla, St, 38 Theissen, Gerd, 2on8 Theodora, Empress, 127,129 Theodora Palaiologina, 90η 12, 94123 Theodora Synadene, 93-96, 97129 Theodore the Studite, 7113 Theodoros II of Alexandria, 7 Theodoule, 99-101 theosis, 142, 219 Theotokos, 117-18,161,171, 217 Thessalonica [historical], 19 Thessaloniki, Greece, 206 Tiflis [historical], 193 Timaeus (Plato), 77129 Timiadis, Metropolitan Emilianos, 211, 214 Timothy [biblical], 27,194 Tolstoy, Leo, 134 Tomos of Sisinnios, 130 Tosefta, 83154 Tradition of the Church. See Holy Tradition trans people in Orthodox Christianity defining trans readings, 61-63 and gender essentialism, 72 misconceptions regarding trans readings, 53-61 monastic gender play by, 46 prayer for, 71 reading Matrona as trans, 63-66 reading narratives in Eastern Orthodox traditions of, 11, 51-67 “Transgender History” (Beemyn), 59024 “Transgender History” (Enke), 62П30 Transmen and FTMs (Cromwell), 59124 Trebnik, 150,177. see also Euchologion·, The Great Book ofNeeds (St. Tikhon) Troas
[historical], 19 Troeltsch, Ernst, 2on8 Trump, Donald, 133122 Turcescu, Lucian, 11, 235-51 Turkey, 138,190П33,193, 206 Tychicos [biblical], 27 Tyre [historical], 19 Ukraine, 78П32,138,141,193 Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA (UOC), 175 Unction, 208 United Kingdom, 132,188 United Nations (UN), 133,135-36,138 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 135 UOC (Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA), 175 USSR, 136 Vassiliadis, Petros, 2on8 Verkhovna Rada, 138 Victorian era, 123-24,133-34 Voice of America, 135 Vuola, Elina, 8 Wadi-el-Natroun, 191,197 Ware, Metropolitan Kallistos, 218 Warsaw Pact, 136 The Way We Never Were (Coontz), 123 Western Armenian Diocese, 190 Western Balkans, 137
Subject Index Western Christianity applications of the new community to the context of, 226-29 female acolytes in, 211П36 gender ideology of, 139 human rights in, 135,142-43 laws of pregnancy loss in, 163-65 monastic gender play in, 39 origin of gender theology coming from, 29 reconciling Orthodox gender equality with a sanctified patriarchy in, 109 ritual purity laws in, 157-58,172П3, 17З subjugation of women in, 133 understanding of trans people in, 52-53. 58 women’s role in the church in, 182-83,191 Western Europe, 73,132-34,157, 223, 228 Wiegel, Rebecca E., 11, 51-67 “Women and Men in the Church” gathering, 228 “Women and the Great and Holy Orthodox Council” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45141 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, 136 World Council of Churches, 6, 81 World Health Organization, 139 World War II, 123,134 Wozniuk, Vladimir, 78135 Xene Philanthropene, 96 Yakunin, Fr. Gleb, 135 Yerevan, Armenia, 193144 Yeshchenko, Anastasia, 140 Youssef, Mariam, 188 Zetounion [historical], 152 Zezulin, Lena, 8,123-43 Zizioulas, Metropolitan John, 203, 248 Zohar, 77, 79 Zonaras, John, 163135 Zosimas, 116-17 269 |
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Contents Contributors I vii Acknowledgements | xi Introducing Gender and Orthodox Christianity | i Ashley Purpura and Thomas Arentzen Part I: Rethinking Assumptions 1 “Women Should Be Silent in the Churches” (i Corinthians 14:34): When Stereotype Meets Gender | 17 Eleni Kasselouri-Hatzivassiliadi 2 Women, Men, and Gender in Christianity: Historical Reflections on Past and Present | 34 Susan Ashbrook Harvey 3 Matronas Lament: Reading Trans Narratives in Eastern Orthodox Traditions | 51 Rebecca E. Wiegel 4 Ancient or Modern? A Critique of Contemporary Orthodox Constructions of Gender | 70 Bryce E. Rich
5 Monastic Gynealogy The Maternal-Feminine Structure of Byzantine Women’s Asceticism | 88 Stavroula Constantinou 6 Orthodox Gender Equality and the Challenge of a Sanctified Patriarchy | 104 Ashley Purpura 7 Domestic Violence in Church Life and Culture | 123 Lena Zezulin Part II: Gender and Participation 8 Childbed Prayers: Historical Development, Discourses, Chances | 149 Eirini Afentoulidou 9 Purifying the Churching Prayers: Reconciling the Post Childbirth Prayers with the Church’s Theology I 169 Carrie Frederick Frost 10 Women and Their Position within the Liturgical Life of the Coptic and Oriental Orthodox Churches | 182 Donna Rizk-Asdourian 11 The Role of Women in the Liturgical Life of the Church: Is It Always about Ordination? | 201 Teva Regule 12 Incarnating the Heavenly Reality of the Church: Some Contemporary Applications for the Ministry of Women | 223 Olga Lossky 13 Anca Manolache: A Rather Lonely Voice in the Romanian Orthodox Church | 235 Lucian Turcescu Subject Index | 255 Scripture Index | 271
Subject Index Note: n indicates footnotes. Amma Sarah, St. (St. Sarah), 2,10, 38 Amnesty International, 135 Anargyroi [typikon], 92П19 Anastasia the Deaconess, 39 Ancient Eastern Mediterranean culture, 154 Ancient Taboos and Gender Prejudice: Challenges for Orthodox Women and the Church (Liveris), 8, 29, 44П41 Andrew [biblical], 24 Angaelos, Bishop, 188 Anglicanism, 219168 Anglo-Saxons, 155 ANNA, 140 Anne, St. [biblical], 91 Annunciation, 118132 Antigone, 89П6 Antioch [historical], 205 Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America, 174,178-79 Antiochus the Monk, 713 Anzaldùa, Gloria, 57119 Apostolic Constitutions, 152,189, 202, 204118 Apostolic Tradition (Egyptian Church Order), 186, 189127 abortion, 162-64, 179118, 236-37 Academy of Moscow, 78п3 2 ACER, 229 Act on the Prevention of Domestic Violence, 138 The Acts ofPaul (and Theda) (Elliot, ed.), 28 Adam [biblical] before vs. after the fall, 74017 as cultural paradigm, 124 as dominant, 17, 28 Eve coming from rib of, 245 as gendered, 3 5 as inherently heterosexual, 71 link between Christ and, 80, 216 Afentoulidou, Eirini, 6,11,149-66,170 Agapia, Romania, 205,211,244 AIDS, 237 Aizura, Aren, 55113 Albania, 137 Alexander of Nigeria, Metropolitan, 156 Alexandria [historical], 194-95 Alexius Comnenus, Emperor, 131 altar servers, 186,211П36,213-16 Ambrose of Milan, 75 Amherst, Lady, 187116 Amida [historical], 41 255
256 Subject Index Apphia [biblical], 27 Appollos [biblical], 27-28 Aquila [biblical], 27 Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe, 228 Arentzen, Thomas, 1-12 Argentina, 193 Aristophanes, 35,77127 Aristotelianism, 74 Aristotle, 74—75118 Armenia, 192-93 Armenian Orthodoxy, 7,183,186,190, 192-94 Asia Minor, 53 Assiut, Egypt, 19134 Astrakhan, Russia, 193 Atamian, Seta, 190 Athanasius, St., 179 Athos, Mt„ 131 Augustine of Canterbury, 154 Augustine of Hippo, 74117, 75-76,79 Austen, Jane, 134 Babylas the Eunuch, 58,63-66 Balsamon, Theodore, 163035,164 baptism and the altar, 3,176-80, 229 equality regarding, 3, 20П9, 26, 28, 43,131, 202-3, 218, 223, 225 229-31, 233 inequality regarding, 3,186, 246 in the Pauline tradition, 3, 20П9, 26, 28 and ritual purity, 152-53,170-72, 194, 246 women’s role in administration of, 30, 36,192-94, 207 Barberini Codex, 204118 Bardaisan, 184 Bartholomew I of Constantinople, 206 Basil of Ancyra, St., 75118 Basil of Caesarea, St. (St. Basil the Great), 1,18, 76,130,163-64, 19З Bassianos, St., 39-40,63 BebaiaElpis [convent], 94023, 95-96 Bebaia Elpis [typikon], 92119 Beemyn, Genny, 59124, 62132 Behr-Sigel, Elisabeth on the diaconate, 206 on female ordination, 223-31, 233-34 on gender essentialism, 81148 on gender inequality, 3,18пг, 246 on the presbyterate, 218-19 on women’s roles in Orthodox Christianity, 6, 241, 243124 Beijing +10,136 Beijing +20,136 Beijing+5,136 Berdiaev, Nikolai, 78-79 Bergman, David, 57119 Bernice [daughter of St. Domnina], 76 Bible, Hebrew. See Old Testament The Biblical and Missionary Institute, 239 Blackstone,
William, 132 Bobrinskoy, Fr. Boris, 206 Böhme, Jakob, 77-79,83 Bolshevik Revolution, 73 Book ofNeeds. See The Great Book of Needs (St. Tikhon) Bosnia and Herzegovina, 137-38 Boston, Massachusetts, 190 Botte, Bernard, 189127 Boyd, Richard N., 62 Bucharest, Romania, 239, 241 Bulgakov, Sergius, 79 Bulgaria, 156, 205 Bursa, Turkey, 193 Butler, Judith, 57119, 84156, 113122 Byzantine Orthodoxy equality of the diaconate in, 1, 204, 206 euchologia of, 15012, 158124 female choirs in, 185П9 gender of readers in, 212 hierarchy as non-gendered in, 4,112 influence of women on, 10615, 114 laws of pregnancy loss in, 162-64 marriage and domestic violence in, 125,127-34,142 maternal-feminine structure of womens asceticism in, 88-101 as patriarchal, no
Subject Index purification of mothers in, 172-73 scholarship on gender/sex in, 8, 10513 separation of men and women in, 187114 taboos about birth and menstruation in, 152-53 types of monastic groups in, 5, 39-41 women as subordinate in, 116, 243 Cabasilas, Nicholas, 111 Caesar, 126,134 Caesarea [historical], 19 Cairo, Egypt, 19 5, 197158, 19 8П6 0 Calabria, Italy, 211 California, 135,188 Calivas, Fr. Alkiviadis, 178, 214П48 Cana [biblical], 24 Canada, 133, 244126 Cappadocian thought, 2 Cartea de Invä{äturä (TeachingBook), 243 Carter, Jimmy, 135 Case, Sue-Ellen, 57119 Catherine, Mother (Countess Efimovsky), 205 Catholicism, 73113, 143,190-91, 203, 211136, 213, 217158 Ceauçescu, Nicolae, 236 CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women), 136 Cenchreae [historical], 27-28 Charter, UN, 135 Chifescu, N., 244 childbirth etymology of the word, 90П9 gender at, 76 history of and scholarship regarding, 149-60 imagery in the Bible of, 43 intersex conditions at, 83154 irrelevance of post-resurrection, 74 77 and pregnancy loss, 162,165-66 reconciling post-childbirth prayers with Church theology, 169-80 and ritual purity laws, 19136, 194, 246-47 sanctification of absent in liturgy, 118П34,119 and womens participation in the church, 6,11,18 choirs, female, 183-89 Chrismation, 202, 218, 225 Christ. See Jesus Christ Christendom, 29,109,192,194 Christology, 118, 231, 240, 250 Chryssavgis, Deacon John, 202, 204, 210 Church of Antioch, 214 Church of Greece, 6 Church of Russia, 210134 Church of St. Sarkis, 194 Church Tradition. See Holy Tradition Chuza
[biblical], 23 Clapsis, Rev. Emmanuel, 214148 Clément, Olivier, 206,22616 On Clerical Orders and the Royal Family (Goi), 193 Cleveland, Ohio, 188 CNSAS (National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives), 239П15 Coakley, Sarah, 219168 Code of Justinian, 127 Cohen, Michael, 133122 Cold War, 135 Comforter. See Holy Spirit Commentaries on the Laws ofEngland (Blackstone), 132 Commentary on Romans (Origen), 204118 Commission on Theology and Spirituality, 241 Communist Party, 236 Conference of Catholic Bishops, U.S., 143 consecration, womens as deaconesses, 1,7,185, i86nio, 19 3, 197157, 19 8П6 0 in female choirs, 185, i86nio as readers, 190П30 Constable, Giles, допо 257
Subject Index 258 Constantinople [historical] Convent of Bebaia Elpis, 93 Convent of Lips, 90m 2 Convent of the Mother of God Kecharitomene, 90П10 Matrona’s cross-dressing monastery in, 39-40, 51,63, 67 monastic gender play in, 4П10, 38-40 support of the female diaconate in, 193 Constantinou, Stavroula, 5, 88-101 “Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Identity and the Challenges of Pluralism and Sexual Diversity in a Secular Age” project, 9П21 Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), 136 Conventions, UN, 136 Coontz, Stephanie, 123 Coptic Cathedral of Old Cairo, 195 Coptic Cathedral of Stevenage, 188 Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, 188 Coptic Orthodoxy, 7,182-98 Corinth [historical], 19, 27,190 Corley, Kathleen E., 28124 Correction of the Law (Indreptarea Legii: Pravila cea Mare), 243 Council of Europe, 136, 245 Council of Europe Convention (Istanbul Convention), 138 COVID-19,140 Crete, Greece, 44П41,105,118П34, 206 Croatia, 137-38 Cromwell, Jason, 59124, 62П32 cross-dressing people in Orthodox Christianity, 39,41, 53-54, 57-59,62-64 Cursus Honorum, 213 Cyprian of Carthage, 71П3,189 Damascus, Syria, 206 Damascus [historical], 19 de Lauretis, Teresa, 5 7η 19 deaconesses. See diaconate, female “Deaconesses, Ordination of Women and Orthodox Theology” conference,” 206 Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (UN High Commissioner for Human Rights), 133 Decree-Law 770, 236 Deisis, 225 Demetrios I, 5, 205 Democratic Party, 135 Democratic Republic of the Congo, 7 Development Programme, UN, 138 diaconate, female age
requirement for the, 203 n8 arguments for and against the restoration of the, 6-7, 201-2, 205-10, 220, 228, 244 female choir’s role in the, 184-85, i86nio female reader’s role in the, 190 and gender equality, 3 history of the, 1, 6,192-98, 204118 importance of the, 18 monastic gender play in the, 39 and the participation of women in church, 7,183 Didascalia Apostolorum, 152,154, 204118 Dimitrova, Margaret, 156 Dionysius of Alexandria, Pope, 154,194, 214149, 246 Dionysius the Areopagite [biblical], 111 discrimination, religious gender-based abolition of, 26,136, 225, 238 awareness of, 5-6,10, 30, 239, 245-46, 251 history of, 21, 235, 245-46 improvements in, 6 and reconciling Orthodox gender equality with a sanctified patriarchy, 104-7, H7 119 Divine Liturgy, 25,186,219 Dollimore, Jonathan, 57119 Domnina, St., 76 Drosis, St., 76 Dudko, Fr. Dmitri, 135
Subject Index Early Christian Women and Pagan Opinion (MacDonald), 2inio Easter, 25 Eastern Christianity contemporary female ministry in, 223 female choirs in, 184 female diaconate in, 195, 209 gender play in, 39 lack of female acolytes in, 211136 ritual purity laws in, 155,157-58, 171-73 Eastern Diocese of New York, 186,190 Eastern Europe, 137, 238 Eastern Orthodoxy, 6-7, 24, 51-67, 198П60 Ecumenical Forum of European Christian Women, 241 Ecumenical Patriarchate, 228 Edessa, Greece, 192 Efimovsky, Countess (Mother Catherine), 205 Egypt, 15 4, 187116, 188122, 191-9 2, 194-9 5, 197158, 198П60 Egyptian Church Order (Apostolic Tradition), 186, 189127 Elizabeth [biblical], 23 Elliot, John, 20—2119 Elliot, Patricia, 57119 Elpidius, Bishop, 192 Emmelia, St., 91 England, 132,156 Enke, Finn, 53П6,62П30 Enlightenment, 123,141,159 Ephesus [historical], 19 Ephrem the Syrian, St., 42-43,183-84 Episcopalianism, 202 Eriugena, John Scotus, 77 essentialism, gender altar server as example of, 213 applying critical theory to, 7, 72-73, 83-84 connection between motherhood and, 160 history of, 36, 41,73, 79-80, 83 modern, 73-74, 76, 80-84 and reconciling Orthodox gender equality with a sanctified patriarchy, 107,109,113 and womens ordination, 72,160, 230 Eternal Feminine, 80П44 An Ethics of Sexual Difference (Irigaray), 89П6 Ethiopia, 192 Eucharist birth as impediment to receiving the, 170,174,176013, 19136 connection between blood and the, 247 and gender equality, 3 marriage ceremony as part of the, 131 menstruation as impediment to receiving the, 152 ordination in the context of the, 203-4,
212, 225, 229, 231, 233-34 women’s responsibilities during, 30, 207 Euchologion. see also The Great Book of Needs (St. Tikhon); Trebnik female deacons in the, 204η 18 post-childbirth prayers in the, 150- 5b 153.155 169,175, 246 pregnancy loss prayers in the, 161-62 sanctification of female concepts absent in the, 18п34, 155,157, 175 Eugenia, St., 111 ni7 Eugenia Kantakouzene, 96 eunuchs in Orthodox Christianity, 4-5, 40-41, 57-58, 63-66,104, ШП17 Euphemia, St., 41 Euphrosyne Palaiologina, 94-96 Eupraxia, 99-101 Eurocentrism, 5212 Europe, 1, 73,132-34,136-37,157 223,238 European Commission, 88ni European Convention of Human Rights, 136 259
Subject Index 2бО European Union, 88ni, 136 Evans, Mary, 26 Evdokimov, Paul (Pavel), 70, 79, 117П31, 230 Eve [biblical] as female paradigm, 42,92-93 as gendered, 35 as inherently heterosexual, 71 link between Mary and, 80, 216-17 as not female paradigm, 250 subordination of, 17, 28, 227, 245 Evodia [biblical], 27 The Experience of God (Manolache, ed.), 239 Faculty of Orthodox Theology, 241 Family Act, 138 Fathers of the Church and gender essentialism, 76-77, 80 influence of on theology, 52П4,191 on patristic tradition, 250 on pregnancy loss, 162 on the subordination of women, 243,247 Feast of Pentecost, 195 Featherstone, Jeffrey, 66 Felicitas, 76 Feminine Problematics (Manolache), 243 Finnish Orthodoxy, 4П8 Fiorenza, Elisabeth Schüssler, 17, 20, 30П27 First International Orthodox Womens Consultation, 244 FitzGerald, Kyriaki Karidoyanes, 217 Florovsky Lecture, Orthodox Theological Society, 218П63 fluid, gender as, 3-4,46, 56, 219168 Ford, Gerald, 135 Fordham University, 45П41 Foucault, Michel, 113122 France, 132,135,156, 206, 227-29, 241 French Orthodoxy, 223, 246 Freud, Sigmund, 78, 83 Frost, Carrie Frederick, 6, 8,11, io6n6, 152П4,169-80 Galen of Pergamum, 74—75118 Galenic medicine, 74, 75118 Galilee [historical], 19, 22-23 Garber, Marjorie, 57119 Gayaneh, St., 190П33,193 General Assembly, UN, 136 Georgia, 180 Germana, 101 Germanos 1,4η 10 Gillet, Fr. Lev, 223 Glibetic, Nina, 162,164 Golden Age of the Church, 191 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 136 Gorgonia, St., 2 Goi, Mxitar, 193 The Great Book ofNeeds (St. Tikhon), 150,162,169,172,174, 177116, 179118 Great Entrance, 209 Great
Hierarchs of the Church, 2 Greco-Roman Mediterranean culture, 154 Greece addressing womens religious issues at meeting in, 5,105,118П34, 205-6, 211, 216, 220 domestic violence in, 138 female diaconate in historical, 192 post-childbirth prayers in, 176 sexual reassignment laws in, 7218 view of miscarriage in, 164 women’s absence from council meeting in, 44П41 Greek Archdiocese of America, 174,178 Greek Orthodoxy, 7, 7218, 13 3, 16028 Gregory I, Pope (St. Gregory the Great), 154 Gregory of Nazianzus, St. (Gregory the Theologian), 2,18, 83155, 131, 219 Gregory of Nyssa, St. (Gregory Nyssen) on the female monastic community, 38, 9117, 98,101 on gender essentialism, 73-74, 75118, 76-77 79 Gregory Palamas, St., 250 Gregory the Great, St. (Pope Gregory I). 154
Subject Index Gregory the Theologian (St. Gregory of Nazianzus), 2,18,83055,131, 219 Gumilevsky, Al exsandr, 205 Hale, Sir Matthew, 132 Harrison, Nonna Verna, 114123 Harvey, Susan Ashbrook, 5, 34-47,91, 184 Hebrews, 247 Hellenism, 26,155 Helsinki Act, 135 Herod [biblical], 23 Heyes, Cressida, 55112, 60П27 High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN, 133 High Priest, 24, 217-18 Hippocratic medicine, 74, 74—75118 Hippolytus, 186,189,194 History of the Province of Sisakan (Örbelian), 193 Hjälm, Michael, 9 Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church, 44—45141, 105,106П6,107,115126, 205 Holy Communion, 30,157,174, 208,228 Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology, 214148, 216153 Holy Doors, 177, 229 Holy Gifts, 231 Holy Mysteries, 174, 246 Holy Spirit gender associations of the, 70, 78-81,113, 218, 230 and gender equality, 1,227, 229, 231 home as presence of the, 19 Orthodox Tradition as singular account of the, 5,109,111,198, 249-50 presence of at ordination, 203-4, 233 revelation by the, 63 Holy Synod of Antioch, 11834 Holy Tradition contemporary challenges in the, 223, 225, 241,250 contradiction of the, 183 cultural tradition vs., 125 as dynamic, 5,149,226 female choirs in the, 189 as patriarchal, 120, 216-18, 226 and pregnancy loss, 162 rejection of the, 191 as static, 149 trans people in the, 51 understanding of the, 191 womens church participation as part of the, 198, 214 Holy Trinity contemporary model of the, 224-25 gender diversity of the, 70, 79,113, 218, 227-28 as non-gendered, 80П45 understanding the, 35 Holy Wisdom, 42, 75, 77, 80П44 Homilies on Romans (Chrysostom),
204η18 homosexuality, issues in Orthodox Christianity relating to, 46, 71, 72П9,141, 245 Норко, Fr. Thomas, 79-81, 213146, 217-19,230 Horizon 2020, European Union, 88ni Hovorun, Cyril, 9 Hovsepian, Archbishop Vatché, 190 Ignatios the Younger, 4П10 Ignatius IV of Antioch, 71П3,118П34, 241 Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, 184,192 In Memory of Her (Fiorenza), 30П27 Indreptarea Legii: Pravila cea Mare {Correction of the Law), 243 International Conference for Orthodox Women, 211 International Womens Year, 243 Inter-Orthodox Theological Symposium, 1988, 5, 205-6, 211, 216, 220 intersex people in Orthodox Christianity, 57, 71, 7219, 73112, 83154 8 4 Iran, 55П10,193-94 Irenaeus of Lyons, 80 Irene Doukaina Komnene, Empress, 9 0П10, 9 0П12, 94123, 97129, 100-101 261
2б2 Subject Index Irene of Chrysobalanton, 96-98 Irigaray, Luce, 88-92, 95,101,108, 113122 Islam, 164,187, 247 Israelites [biblical], 22, 42 Istanbul, Turkey, 138,190П33,193, 206 Istanbul Convention (Council of Europe Convention), 138 Italy, 211 Ivan, I., 244 Jacob of Serug, 42,184 James of Edessa, 192 Jeauneau, Edouard, 77129 Jefferson, Thomas, 126 Jeffreys, Sheila, 59126 Jena Romanticism, 78 Jericho [historical], 19 Jerusalem [historical], 19, 23,116, 205 Jesus Christ Body of, 30, 80, 204, 208, 214, 225 Bride of, 43, 80 female imagery of, 43, 250 on gender equality, 225-28, 231-32, 234, 242. 246, 249-50 on impurity, 171 link between Adam and, 80, 216 male association of, 81, 83155, 217-19, 230-31 on marriage, 124-25,142-43 ministry of, 202, 210, 216 priesthood as icon of, 70, 81П46, 111,113, 204, 217-19, 231-32 references to women in the gospels of, 22-26 relationship of nuns with, 94,96, 97129, 100 resurrection of, 19, 26 role of the home in teachings of, 19-20 sacrifice of, 231, 247 as Son of God, 24, 70,78-79, 80ПП44-45, 81, 94,112,161, 250 suffering of, 22, 29124 on transcendence of gender, 1, 3, 20-21ПП8-9, 26, 28,37, 225, 242 Joanna [biblical], 23 John bar Qursos, Bishop, 192 John Chrysostom, St. on childbed impurity, 152,154 on female deacons, 204118, 218-19, 231 on gender ambiguity, 46 on gender essentialism, 73, 76 on marriage, 142 on ordination, 202 on the subordination of women, 18,243 use of gendered imagery by, 43 on women as missionaries, 25 John of Damascus, St, 18, 73, 250 John the Baptist, St. [biblical], 22-25, 79П41, 225 John the Forerunner. See John
the Baptist, St. [biblical] Joppa [historical], 19 Jorgensen, Christine, 56Ш5 Judaism anti-Semitism in the Gospels, 46 equality in, 26, 225, 242 gender essentialism in, 73, 77-78 intersex conditions in, 83154 marriage laws in Christianity and, 128,130 Orthodox Christian beliefs coming from, 19 ritual purity laws in, 153,155,173, 247 249 Julia, 100-101 Julitta, 76 Jung, Carl, 78, 83 Junia [biblical], 27 Justin Martyr, 70П3,189, 209 Justinian, Emperor, 75118, 127 Kabbalah, 78, 83 Kafalyans, 193 Kalaitzidis, Pantelis, 9 Karras, Valerie, 81П48 Kasselouri-Hatzivassiliadi, Eleni, 17-30 Kazhdan, Alexander, 1161128 Kecharitomene [typikon], 92119 Kenya, 180 Khodr, Metropolitan Georges, 241, 243
Subject Index Kievan Rus, 133 Kligman, Gail, 236 Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 7 Kornblatt, Judith, 78135 Kosmas of Aetolia, Metropolitan, 7218 Kristin Lavransdatter (Undset), 172 Kuhlmann, Quirinius, 78П32 Kupari, Helena, 8 Ladies’ Month, 44П39 Lambronaii, Nerses, 193 Laodicea, 214149, 215152 Laqueur, Thomas, 74-75118 Larin, Vassa, 118П34 Late Antique Syria, 152 Late Antiquity ascetic trends in, 2,63,15 5 eunuchs in, 57 gender norms in, 2,37,39, 63, 67 sacralization of religious life in, 153 scholarship on gender/sex in, 8 trans reading of text from, 52-53 view of women in, 114 Law 3500/2006 For Combating Domestic Violence, 133 Lawrence, St., 40124 Leave it to Beaver [TV show], 123 Lebanon, 193, 241, 243 Lebanon, Mount, 243 Lectionary, 190,191034 Lent, 116 Leo VI, Emperor, 131,152 Leontius of Byzantium, 241 Letters of Pliny to Trajan, 204m 8 Levant [historical], 63 Levitical purity laws in Christianity, 153, 171,173, 191136, 245-46 LGBT people. See homosexuality, issues in Orthodox Christianity relating to Life ofEupraxia, 99-101 Life of Irene of Chrysobalanton, 96 Life ofMacrina (Gregory of Nyssa), 91117, 98,101 Life ofMary ofEgypt (Sophronius), 116 Life of St. Matrona (Featherstone), 40П24, 51-53, 56, 58,63-64, 66 Lips [convent], 90П12 Lips [typikon], 92119 Liturgy of John Chrysostom, 106П4 Liturgy of the Faithful, 209 Liveris, Leonie В., 8, 29 Logos, 80, 249 Long, Scott, 57119 Los Angeles, California, 188 Lossky, Nicolas, 206 Lossky, Olga, 11, 223-34 Lossky, Vladimir, 240, 248 Lot-Borodine, Myrrha, 241 Lukas of Manfalot, Bishop, 19134 Luke [biblical], 23-24
Lutheranism, 78П32, 223 Lydia [biblical], 27 MacDonald, Margaret, 2inio Macedonia, 137 Macrina, St., 38, 74, 76,91, 98-99 Manolache, Anca Lucia, 235-51 Manvelian, Ani, 194 Maria (daughter of St. Euphemia), 41 Marian feasts, 118132 Marina/Marinos, St., 39,40П26 Mariology, 250 Mark [biblical], 22, 24-25 “Marriage, Family, and Scripture” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45П41 “Marriage and its Impediments” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45141 Married Womens Property Acts, 132 Martha [biblical], 22, 24 Martimort, Aimé Georges, 192 Mary [biblical] as example of a subordinate woman, 116-18 as female paradigm, 42-43,79141, 91 gospel accounts of, 22-24 link between Eve and, 80, 216-17, 250 nativity of, 156 as part of the Deisis, 225 purification of, 157,171 263
2б4 Subject Index Mary Magdalene [biblical], 23-26 Al-Maskeen, Fr. Matta, 191 Massachusetts, 190 Maitoc, 193 Matenadaran, 193144 Maternal Body: A Theology of Incarnation from the Christian East (Frost), 8 Matrona of Perge, St, 39-40, 51-67 Matthew [biblical], 24 Maximus the Confessor, St, 73,111, 240-42 McDowell, Maria, 217, 219-20 Mediterranean culture, 2inio, 34,154 Medvedev, Roy, 135 Medvedev, Zhores, 135 Meeting of the Lord, 157 Melania the Elder, 38 menstruation, issues in Christian Orthodoxy regarding, 119,15255,157,172.194, 228, 245 Mercer, Kobena, 57119 Messiah, 23, 25, 242, 249 Metaphrastes, Symeon, 115124 Meyendorff, John, 126 Meyerowitz, Joanne, 54-5 5П10, 56m 5 Michael the Great, 192 Middle Ages, 132,157,191-92 Millennium Conference, UN, 136 Ministry of the Interior, Russian, 139 Minor Orders, 189, 202, 211, 213-14 Miroiu, Mihaela, 237-38 miscarriage, 151-52,161-66,179 “The Mission of the Orthodox Church in Todays World,” 105 “The Mission of the Orthodox Church in Today’s World” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45П41 Model Penal Code of 1962,133 Molitfelnic (Molitvelnic), 246 Monolache, Anca, 6 Montanism (New Prophecy), 37 Montenegro, 138 Moraga, Cherrie, 5 7η 19 Moscow Council, 1917-1918, 210134 228 Mother of God Kecharitomene [convent], 90П10, 90П12 The Mystical as Political: Democracy and Non-Radical Orthodoxy (Papanikolaou), 142 Napoleonic Code, 132 Napoleonic era, 140 Nasiliu, 140 Nathanael [biblical], 24 National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives (CNSAS), 239115 Nativity of Mary, 156 Nectaria, 192 NeilosDamilas [typikon], 92П19
Nemesius of Emesa, 75118 Neoplatonism, 5315, 74 Nestorios, 38 NetMAR (Network for Medieval Arts and Rituals), 88ni Network for Medieval Arts and Rituals (NetMAR), 88ni New Adam, 80 “New Directions in Orthodox Thought and Practice: Gender and Sexuality in Orthodox Christianity” project, 9 New Julfa, Iran, 193 New Prophecy (Montanism), 37 New Testament, 11,18-19, 36,42, 80, 124,152 New York City, New York, 134 Nicene Creed, 80 Nicholas I, Czar, 205 Nicodemus [biblical], 25 Nigerian Orthodoxy, 156 Nikephoros, 152-53 Nobel Peace Prize, 135 Nomocanon, 133 Nomokanones, 153 nonbinary people in Orthodox Christianity, 56-58,60, 73112 Nordermann, Konrad, 78132 North America, 44139, 119 Norway, 9, 75118, 180 Novel 89,131
Subject Index Nyssen, Gregory (St. Gregory of Nyssa) on the female monastic community, 38, 91П17, 98,101 on gender essentialism, 73-74, 75118, 76-77, 79 OCA (Orthodox Church of America), 118П34 “Office of Setting Apart Readers and Chanters,” 212 Ohio, 188 oikonomia, 153,157 Old Testament cultural commandments in the, 124 gendered imagery in the, 42 lack of intersex people in the, 83154 references to women in the, 22 ritual purity laws in the, 155, 245-46 subjection of women in the, 227, 242, 245 Olympias the Deaconess, 3 Orbêlian, Bishop Stepanos, 193 ordination, womens arguments for and against, 6m 5, 160, 23 9-40, 244 contemporary applications for women’s ministries, 223-24, 230-33 definition of ordination, 202-4 and the diaconate, 7,192-97, 204-7, 210-11 focusing on the word of God, 209-10 and gender essentialism, 72, 81, 83 history of, 1 recapturing the philanthropic dimension of the liturgy, 209 role of women in the liturgical life of the Church, 182,198, 201-20 strengthening the pastoral care of the faithful, 208-9 women as altar servers, 213-16 women as choir members, 185,188 women as presbyters, 216-20 women as readers/chanters, 190, 211-13 Oriental Orthodoxy, 6,182-98 Origen, 204118 Orthodox Christianity and Gender: Dynamics of Tradition, Culture and Lived Practice (Kupari and Vuola, eds.), 8 Orthodox Church of America (OCA), 118П34 The Orthodox Dogmatic Theology (Manolache, ed.), 239 Orthodox Empire, 125,134 Orthodox Perspectives on Creation” [consultation], 205123 Orthodox Theological Society of America, 45141, 216153, 218П63 Orthodox Tradition. See Holy
Tradition Oslo, Norway, 9 Oslo Coalition on Freedom of Religion or Belief, 9,170 Otreios, Bishop, 193 Otto, Rudolf, 247 Palestine [historical], 19, 22 Palladius of Galatia, 3 Papanikolaou, Aristotle, 9,142 Paradise, 74117 Paris, France, 135, 206, 227-28, 241 Parliament, Greek, 7218 Parliament, Romanian, 245 Parousia, 251 Patsavos, Lewis, 214148 Paul, St. contradictions in the writings of, 249 on female choirs, 184,186 on female deacons, 204118 on female readers, 190-91 on gender ambiguity, 46 on gender equality, 1, 3-5, 225, 227, 242 on gender essentialism, 80 on marriage, 126,130 monastic gender play by, 38,43 references to women in the Pauline epistles, 26-28 on the silence of women, 17-18, 20ПП8-9, 26,184,190-91 265
266 Subject Index Pauline Christianity female readers in, 190 and gender equality, 3, 20, 227, 242 and gendered imagery in the Bible, 43137 tradition of women in, 26-29 women’s place in church in, 217 Pelagia/Pelagios of Antioch, St., 39-40, 76,115124 Pentecost, 25,195 perichoresis, 71, 224 Perpetua, St., 38, 76 Peter [biblical], 24 Peter Chartophylax, 152-53 Philanthropes [typikon], 92019 Philemon [biblical], 27 Philip [biblical], 24 Philippi [historical], 19, 26-27 Philo, 77 Philokalia (Manolache, ed.), 239 Phoebe [biblical], 27-28 Phota, St., 25 Photini, St., 25 “The Place of the Woman in the Orthodox Church and the Question of the Ordination of Women” gathering, 216 Platitera, 117 Plato, 3 5, 74118, 75120, 7 7-7 8 Platonism, 73, 83 Poland, 193 Polynices, 89П6 Potapov, Very Rev. Victor, 135 Prague Spring, 135 Prayer ofReconciliation, 197П57 “Prayers for a Woman on the Fortieth Day of Childbirth,” 150-51, 155-56,158,169 “Prayers on the First Day after a Woman Has Given Birth to a Child,” 172, 175 179 pregnancy loss. See miscarriage Presbyterate age requirement for the, 20318 altar server not a common link to the, 214 ordination of women to the, 201-2, 205, 207, 212, 213146, 216-17, 219-20 “Presence in the Past” (Beemyn), 59124 Presentation in the Temple, 118132 “On the Priesthood” (Chrysostom), 202 Priscilla [biblical], 27 Problematica Femenind (Manolache), 240П16 Prosdoce [daughter of St. Domnina], 76 Prosser, Jay, 57119 Protestantism, 73113, 191, 203 Public Orthodoxy [blog], 45П41, 71 Purification of Mary, 157,171 purity, ritual connection between birth and, 149, 191зб,
246-47. 249 dissociation of the female body from impurity, 92 euchological language regarding, 118П34,119,152-59,169-80 of intersex people, 83154 and pregnancy loss, 161,165 and women’s participation in the church, 11 Purpura, Ashley, 1-12,104-20 Putin, Vladimir, 141 Rachel [biblical], 22 Raising of Incense, 197157 readers, female inclusion of in Orthodox churches, 183,189-92,198, 228 as stepping stone to ordination or not, 201, 207, 211-14, 220 The Reception of the Holy and Great Council: Reflections of Orthodox Christian Women (Frost), io6n6 Red Square, 78132 Regule, Teva, 7,11, 201-20 Reis, Elizabeth, 52П4 Reproductive Health Survey, 137 Republic (Plato), 77129 Rhodes, Greece, 5, 205-6, 211, 216, 220 Rich, Bryce E., 70-84 Ricoeur, Paul, 249 Rizk-Asourdian, Donna, 7,11,182-98 Roman Catholicism, 73113, 203, 211П36, 213, 217158 Roman Empire, 36-37,192, 213 Romania, 205, 211, 235-39, 241, 24345. 248, 251
Subject Index Romanian Orthodox Episcopate of America, 211137 Romanian Orthodoxy, 235-51 Romanian Patriarchate, 240 Romanticism, 1, 73,78, 83 Rome [historical), 19,126,155 Royal Priesthood, 202, 225, 230, 233 Rubenson, Samuel, 191 Rublev, Andrei, 224-25 Rufus, John, 38 Russia, 78П32, 78134, 106П5,124,134, 139-40,193 Russian Consortium of Women’s NonGovernmental Organizations, 140 Russian Empire, 133-34 Russian Federation, 124,139 Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia, 142 Russian Orthodoxy marriage and domestic violence in, 133.139-40,142 persecution of religion in, 135-36 restoration of the female diaconate in, 205, 211, 223 understanding of intersex people in, 7118 Sacra Parallela (John of Damascus), 18 The Sacraments in the Life of the Church (Manolache), 250 El-Sadat, Anwar, 197 Sakharov, Andrei, 135 Samaritan Woman [biblical], 22, 24-25, 249 San Francisco, California, 135 Sarah, St. (St. Amma Sarah), 2,10,38 Sarkissian, Archbishop, 194 Satan, 38,40126, 42 Securitate, 239115 Sedgwick, Eve, 57119 Seraphim, Bishop, 188 Serapion, Bishop, 188 Serbia, 138,164,176,180 Serbia and Montenegro, 137 Serbian Orthodoxy, 176 Services ofInitiation (Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America), 174,179 Services of Initiation (Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA), 175 Shahat, Fr. Victor, 19034 Shenouda III, Pope, 188,195-97,197~ 98ПП59-60 Shevtsov, Fr. Theodore, 142 Sidéris, Georges, 57121 Simon Peter [biblical], 24 Skeuophylakion, 209 Skidmore, Emily, 62129 Sofia, Bulgaria, 205 Sokolov, Oleg, 140 Sola Scriptura, 191 Soloviev, Vladimir, 78-79 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 135
Sophia, Divine, 79, 80П44 Sophia, Virgin, 77, 79 Sophocles, 89п6 Sophronius, St., 116 On the Soul and the Resurrection (Gregory of Nyssa), 74 Soviet Union, 135 Sozomen, 192 St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, 227 St. Bishoy’s Monastery, 197 St. Catherine’s Vision, 6115 St. Euthymius, 193 St. Macarius Monastery, 191 St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 St. Phoebe Center for the Deaconess, 6П15 St. Shenouda Church, 187 St Tikhon’s Monastery, 15012, 177116 St. Tikhon’s Seminary Press, 162 St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Seminary, 81, 213146, 218 Stäniloae, Fr. Dumitru, 239-40, 244, 248 Stethatos, Niketas, 111 Streett, Matthew, 176, 177116 Stryker, Susan, 5212, 55113, 56115 Sunday School, 185, 197159 Susanna [biblical], 23 Sychar [historical], 24 267
268 Subject Index Symeon of Thessalonica (Thessaloniki), St., 177-78 Symposium (Plato), 35,77129 “Symposium on Pastoral Care and Sexuality” project, 9п21 Synaxarium, 190 Synodal Committee on Liturgical Renewal of the Church of Greece, 176 Synoptic Gospels, 20П8, 23, 24115 Syntyche [biblical], 27 Syria, 118П34,152,154, 206, 243 Syriac Orthodoxy, 42132, 91,184-85, i86nio, 188,190,192 Syrian Orthodoxy, 183 Syrophoenician Woman [biblical], 24 Talmud, 83154 Tarsus [historical], 2 Tawadros II, Pope, 187 Teaching Book (Cartea de Inväfäturä), 243 Tehran, Iran, 194 Tertullian, 36-37,189 Thecla, St, 38 Theissen, Gerd, 2on8 Theodora, Empress, 127,129 Theodora Palaiologina, 90η 12, 94123 Theodora Synadene, 93-96, 97129 Theodore the Studite, 7113 Theodoros II of Alexandria, 7 Theodoule, 99-101 theosis, 142, 219 Theotokos, 117-18,161,171, 217 Thessalonica [historical], 19 Thessaloniki, Greece, 206 Tiflis [historical], 193 Timaeus (Plato), 77129 Timiadis, Metropolitan Emilianos, 211, 214 Timothy [biblical], 27,194 Tolstoy, Leo, 134 Tomos of Sisinnios, 130 Tosefta, 83154 Tradition of the Church. See Holy Tradition trans people in Orthodox Christianity defining trans readings, 61-63 and gender essentialism, 72 misconceptions regarding trans readings, 53-61 monastic gender play by, 46 prayer for, 71 reading Matrona as trans, 63-66 reading narratives in Eastern Orthodox traditions of, 11, 51-67 “Transgender History” (Beemyn), 59024 “Transgender History” (Enke), 62П30 Transmen and FTMs (Cromwell), 59124 Trebnik, 150,177. see also Euchologion·, The Great Book ofNeeds (St. Tikhon) Troas
[historical], 19 Troeltsch, Ernst, 2on8 Trump, Donald, 133122 Turcescu, Lucian, 11, 235-51 Turkey, 138,190П33,193, 206 Tychicos [biblical], 27 Tyre [historical], 19 Ukraine, 78П32,138,141,193 Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA (UOC), 175 Unction, 208 United Kingdom, 132,188 United Nations (UN), 133,135-36,138 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 135 UOC (Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA), 175 USSR, 136 Vassiliadis, Petros, 2on8 Verkhovna Rada, 138 Victorian era, 123-24,133-34 Voice of America, 135 Vuola, Elina, 8 Wadi-el-Natroun, 191,197 Ware, Metropolitan Kallistos, 218 Warsaw Pact, 136 The Way We Never Were (Coontz), 123 Western Armenian Diocese, 190 Western Balkans, 137
Subject Index Western Christianity applications of the new community to the context of, 226-29 female acolytes in, 211П36 gender ideology of, 139 human rights in, 135,142-43 laws of pregnancy loss in, 163-65 monastic gender play in, 39 origin of gender theology coming from, 29 reconciling Orthodox gender equality with a sanctified patriarchy in, 109 ritual purity laws in, 157-58,172П3, 17З subjugation of women in, 133 understanding of trans people in, 52-53. 58 women’s role in the church in, 182-83,191 Western Europe, 73,132-34,157, 223, 228 Wiegel, Rebecca E., 11, 51-67 “Women and Men in the Church” gathering, 228 “Women and the Great and Holy Orthodox Council” (Orthodox Theological Society of America), 45141 World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, 136 World Council of Churches, 6, 81 World Health Organization, 139 World War II, 123,134 Wozniuk, Vladimir, 78135 Xene Philanthropene, 96 Yakunin, Fr. Gleb, 135 Yerevan, Armenia, 193144 Yeshchenko, Anastasia, 140 Youssef, Mariam, 188 Zetounion [historical], 152 Zezulin, Lena, 8,123-43 Zizioulas, Metropolitan John, 203, 248 Zohar, 77, 79 Zonaras, John, 163135 Zosimas, 116-17 269 |
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| id | DE-604.BV049503365 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T23:21:49Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T05:27:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781666755268 9781666755275 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034848456 |
| oclc_num | 1427327505 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xi, 273 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Pickwick Publications |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Purpura, Ashley M. (DE-588)114761380X edt Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity edited by Ashley Purpura, Thomas Arentzen and Susan Ashbrook Harvey Eugene, Oregon Pickwick Publications [2023] xi, 273 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 gnd rswk-swf Ostkirche (DE-588)4044087-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschlechterforschung (DE-588)4482930-9 gnd rswk-swf Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd rswk-swf Kristendom Ostkirche (DE-588)4044087-4 s Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 s Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 s Geschlechterforschung (DE-588)4482930-9 s DE-604 Arentzen, Thomas 1976- (DE-588)1130735044 edt Harvey, Susan Ashbrook 1953- (DE-588)136396046 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-6667-5528-2 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9781666755282 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034848456&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034848456&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 gnd Ostkirche (DE-588)4044087-4 gnd Geschlechterforschung (DE-588)4482930-9 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4020548-4 (DE-588)4044087-4 (DE-588)4482930-9 (DE-588)4018202-2 |
| title | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity |
| title_auth | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity |
| title_exact_search | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity |
| title_full | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity edited by Ashley Purpura, Thomas Arentzen and Susan Ashbrook Harvey |
| title_fullStr | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity edited by Ashley Purpura, Thomas Arentzen and Susan Ashbrook Harvey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity edited by Ashley Purpura, Thomas Arentzen and Susan Ashbrook Harvey |
| title_short | Rethinking gender in Orthodox Christianity |
| title_sort | rethinking gender in orthodox christianity |
| topic | Geschlechterverhältnis (DE-588)4020548-4 gnd Ostkirche (DE-588)4044087-4 gnd Geschlechterforschung (DE-588)4482930-9 gnd Frau (DE-588)4018202-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschlechterverhältnis Ostkirche Geschlechterforschung Frau |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034848456&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034848456&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT purpuraashleym rethinkinggenderinorthodoxchristianity AT arentzenthomas rethinkinggenderinorthodoxchristianity AT harveysusanashbrook rethinkinggenderinorthodoxchristianity |