A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to
"The revelatory history of Krakowiec - 'a little place you've never heard of ' - through which we see life in Eastern Europe as never before. Decades ago, the historian Bernard Wasserstein set out to uncover the hidden past of the town forty miles west of Lviv where his family or...
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[London] UK
Allen Lane
2023
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A small town in Ukraine |b the place we came from, the place we went back to |c Bernard Wasserstein |
| 264 | 1 | |a [London] UK |b Allen Lane |c 2023 | |
| 300 | |a xxi, 289 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln |b Illustrationen, Karten, POrträts |c 24 cm | ||
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| 505 | 8 | |a The arrest -- The three fishes -- 'The most splendid times' -- The rise of the shtetl -- The emperor's Krakowiec -- The burning shtetl -- Krakowiec to Berlin -- Berlin to Krakowiec -- Under three regimes -- 'You have nothing to worry about. You are one of my Jews' -- 'A little place -- you won't have heard of it' -- One fish -- Return to Krakowiec -- Postscript | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "The revelatory history of Krakowiec - 'a little place you've never heard of ' - through which we see life in Eastern Europe as never before. Decades ago, the historian Bernard Wasserstein set out to uncover the hidden past of the town forty miles west of Lviv where his family originated- Krakowiec (Krah-KOV-yets). In this book he recounts its dramatic and traumatic history. 'I want to observe and understand how some of the great forces that determined the shape of our times affected ordinary people.' The result is an exceptional, often moving book. Wasserstein traces the arc of history across centuries of religious and political conflict, as armies of Cossacks, Turks, Swedes, and Muscovites rampaged through the region. In the age of enlightenment, the Polish magnate Ignacy Cetner built his palace at Krakowiec and, with his vivacious daughter, Princess Anna, created an arcadia of refinement and serenity. Under the Habsburg emperors after 1772, Krakowiec developed into a typical shtetl, with a jostling population of Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews. In 1914, disaster struck. 'Seven years of terror and carnage' left a legacy of ferocious national antagonisms. During the Second World War the Jews were murdered in circumstances harrowingly described by Wasserstein. After the war the Poles were expelled and the town dwindled into a border outpost. Today, the storm of history once again flows through Krakowiec as hordes of refugees flee for their lives from Ukraine to Poland. At the beginning and end of the book we encounter Wasserstein's own family, especially his grandfather Berl. In their lives and the many others Wasserstein has rediscovered, the people of Krakowiec become a prism through which we can feel the shocking immediacy of history. Original in conception and brilliantly achieved, Krakowiec is a masterpiece of recovery and insight"--Publisher's description | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface ix Acknowledgements xv List of Maps xvii xix . List of Illustrations xxi A Note on Place Names i The arrest i z The three fishes 13 3 ‘The most splendid times’ 27 4 The rise of the shtetl 41 5 The emperor’s Krakowiec 57 6 The burning shtetl 79 7 Krakowiec to Berlin 101 8 Berlin to Krakowiec 113 9 Under three regimes 131 10 ‘You have nothing to worry about. You are one of my Jews’ 149 n ‘A little place - you won’t have heard of it’ 175 12 One fish 187 13 Return to Krakowiec 207 Postscript 2.19 Sources 2.2.3 Notes 247 Index 2-79 vii
Sources FAMILY PAPERS ARCHIVES American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee archives, New York and Jerusalem Archiwum Akt Nowych, Warsaw Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych, Warsaw Archiwum Główne Urszulanek SJK, Pniewy Archiwum Państwowe w Krakowie Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu Bundesarchiv, Koblenz/Berlin/Freiburg Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem Derzhavnyi arkhiv L’vivs’koi oblasti Entschädigungsamt, Berlin Haluzevyy derzhavnyy arkhiv SB Ukrayiny Harvard Law School Library Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, California International Tracing Service Archive, Arolsen Israel State Archives, Jerusalem Jagiellonian University Library manuscript dept., Cracow Jewish Historical Institute archive, Warsaw Landesarchiv Berlin Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York Library of Congress, Washington DC Lvivska natsionalna naukova biblioteka imeni V. Stefanyka Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum archive, London Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voennyi arkhiv 2.2.3
SOURCES Polish Underground Movement Study Trust, London State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Lviv UK National Archives, Kew United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archive, Washington DC United States National Archives, Washington DC Wiener Library archive, London Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem YIVO archive, New York INTERVIEWS (a) Interviews conducted by the author Aharon Berg, Kibbutz Mishmar Hasharon, 1994 Yisrael and Dov Berg, Tel Aviv, 1995 Israel Getzler, London, 1993 Elimelech Glick, Rishon le-Tsiyyon, 1995 Mala Gottlieb, Jerusalem, 1995 (forename unclear) Grynszpan, Krakovets, 1993 Anna Kozak, Krakovets, 1993 Miroslav Kropevnytsky, Krakovets, 2019 Berl Lax, Lakewood, N.J., 1996 Heia Laub, Jerusalem, 1996 Sonia Levensolt, Ramat Gan, 1994 Frejde Nacht, Gan Yavne, 1995 Shmuel Nacht, Rishon le-Tsiyyon, 1995 Eli Silberman, Brooklyn, N.Y, 1996 Volodymir Shkondra, Krakovets, 1993 Oksana Ivanivna Strus, Krakovets, 2019 Sara Tenenbojm, Netanya, 1995 Abraham Wasserstein, Oxford/London, 1993 (b) Other interviews Klara Bielec {née Bogen), USC Shoah Foundation, Wroclaw, 1997 Shalom Bierman, USC Shoah Foundation, Berlin, 1996 Leah Binstock, USC Shoah Foundation, Cleveland, 1996 Frieda Blum, USC Shoah Foundation, Givatayim, 1995 224
SOURCES Rafal Dominic, USC Shoah Foundation, Toronto, 1995 Mark Geller, USC Shoah Foundation, Montreal, 2013 Yehuda Goldman, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 4 August 1948 Herzl and Mala Gottlieb (interviewer: Jane Grossberg), Melbourne, 1993 Jonas Kampei (interviewer: David J. Wasserstein), Jerusalem, 1993 Stefania Kupfer, USC Shoah Foundation, Paris, 1996 Leon Scher, USC Shoah Foundation, La Cañada, Calif., 1996 Jacob Schreiber, USC Shoah Foundation, Albany, NY, 1997 Esther Sperling-Mayden, USC Shoah Foundation, Boca Raton, 1996 Ben Steltzer, USC Shoah Foundation, Lincolnwood, Ill., 1995 Zelda Susser (interviewer: David J. Wasserstein), 1994/5 Sabina Sweidan (interviewer: Barbara Meyerowitz), USC Shoah Founda tion, 1996 WRITTEN TESTIMONIES Jonas Beer and Włodzimierz Hochberg (no date given), Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw Antoni Budzianowski (Hoover Institution Archives, Poland, Min. Inf. Box 138, Folder 2) Tslila Harari, Haifa, 24 August 1995 (letter to author) Jonas Kampei, unpublished memoir, undated, Johannesburg Jack Baruch Keil, Leo Baeck Institute, New York, no date given Ahron Klahr, Mościska, 12 January 1948, Yad Vashem archive, Jerusalem Julius Kühl recollections, Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust David Majus, 12 January 2002 (communication to author) Israel (Ignacy) Manber, Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, 12 July 1946 Juda Metzler, Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, Chorzów, no date given Mira Ringel (Lichtenholtz), Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 2 March 1948 Miriam Rosenblum, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, August 1974 WEBSITES https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/ The
Ledóchowski family: http://www.ledochowski.eu/rodzina/index.html ‘Return to Krakowiec’ (Laub family video): https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=wo5NRMZhQhI (no longer available) 225
SOURCES DISSERTATIONS Bacon, Ewa Katherine, ‘Austrian Economie Policy in Galicia 1772-1790’, University of Chicago PhD, 1975 Dunagan, Curt, ‘The Lost World of Przemyśl: Interethnic Dynamics in a Gali cian Center, 1868-1921’, Brandeis University PhD, 2009 Ostapchuk, Matthew R., ‘“Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!” The Por trayal of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) in the Museums of Lviv’, University of Alberta MA, 2015 Sorokowski, Andrew Dennis, ‘The Greek Catholic Parish Clergy in Galicia, 1900-1939’, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, London Uni versity PhD, 1991 Wojnowski, Zbigniew, ‘Patriotism and the Soviet Empire: Ukraine Views the Socialist States of Eastern Europe, i956-i985’,University College London PhD, 2011 PRINCIPAL PUBLISHED SOURCES Official Publications Austria Glaise-Horstenau, Edmund, et al., eds., Österreich-Ungarns letzter Krieg, 1914-1918, vols. i 2 (Vienna, 1930-31) Österreichische Statistik (Vienna, 1882-1916) Sprawozdanie Stenograficzne z Rozpraw Galicyjskiego Sejmu Krajowego (Lwów, 1861-1914) Great Britain Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919-1939 Report by Sir Stuart Samuel on his Mission to Poland (Cmd. 674, London, 1920) USA Foreign Relations of the United States Vatican Blet, Pierre, et al., eds., Actes et documents du Saint Siège relatifs à la seconde guerre mondiale, 11 vols., (Vatican, 1965-81) 226
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Index Abend, Mala 201 Abwehr 121,151,153 Adass Jisroel Realgymnasium 105-6,175,178,197-8 Adenauer, Konrad 196 Agnon (Czaczkes), Shmuel Yosef 118 Akhva n 9 Alexandrowicz, Wilhelm 9 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 9, 89 anti-Semitism 23, 74-5,112,124, 179,183 Arendt, Hannah 86 Argentina 186 Armia Krajowa, (AK, Polish Home Army) 154,162-3, г^7 Auffenberg, Moritz von 81, 83 Augustus II, King 24 Auschwitz 157,197, 203 Ausgleich (1867) 59 Australia 201 Austria 24, 28-9,112,155,180 Austria-Hungary 59, 79-91 Babel, Isaac 96-7 Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem 166-7 Bad Reichenhall 201 Bandera, Stepan 151,153,167, 215 Bar, Confederation of 28 Barash, Asher 76-7 Bartmański, Oswald 72 Basel 74 Beck, Józef 10 Belcredi, Richard 73 Belz 28,47, 86,157 Bełżec 156 Benjamin, Walter 218 Bentele, Ferdinand 133 Bereza Kartuska 123 Berg (Levensolt), Sonia 136, 201 Berger, Henryk 114,118,143,150, 201 Berlin 1-6,104, no, 155, 208 Berlin Document Center 200 Berliner Tageblatt 109 Best, Werner 4-6,193-5 Betar 118 Biała Podlaska 146 Bilczewski, Józef 91-2 Bismarck, Otto von 2 Bnei Akiva 118 Bochnia 157 Bolesław ‘the Pious’, Duke 20 Bolsheviks 9 5-8 Borysław-Drohobycz region 139 Boy-Żeleński, Tadeusz 153 279
INDEX Communism 9 Communist Party of Eastern Galicia 98 Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz 80-83, IO3 Coolidge, A. C. 95 Cossacks 22-4, 83-4, 88 Council of Ambassadors 98 Cracow 32, 201 Curzon line 95-7,188 Czarniecki, Stefan 23 Czechoslovakia 220 Brafman, Jakob 75 ‘Bread Peace’ (1918) 90 Breda 198 Brest, Synod of 17,192. Brest-Litovsk 90 Britain 203 British Guiana 176 Brody 62,178 Brown, Craig xii Brusilov, Aleksei 89 Buczacz 118 Buczyński, Commandant 98 Budapest 64,157, 220 Budyonny, Semyon Mikhailovich 96-7 Bund 9,145 Cambon, Jules 95 Canada 196-7 Carpathian mountains 131 Catherine II, Empress 28-9 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 203-4 Central Office for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes 197, 200 Cetner, Anna 31-2, 35-6,45, 52, 57, 71,133 Cetner, Ignacy 27-36, 38-9, 57, 133,218 Cetner, Józef 24 Cetner; Ludwika 31 Chaimowicz, Oszor 44 Charles XII, King 23-4 Charles-Eugène de Lorraine 35, 57 Cholm (Chelm) 90 Choma, Grzegorz 64 Chruszcz, Leopold 142 Churchill, Winston 83,188 Chwila 115 Dąbrowski march 60 Dachau 4 Danysh, Bogdan 124 Darmstadt 195 Defenders of the Homeland 121-2 Denmark 194 Deschênes, Jules 197 Dmowski, Roman 74, 79 Döblin, Alfred 99 Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp 199 Douglas, Robert 23 Draczakiewicz, Daniel 37 Dreßen, Wilhelm 200 Eden, Anthony 188 Edinburgh 198 Eichmann, Adolf 86 Einsatzgruppen 134-5,139, 150-1, 153 Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans) x Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman (Gaon of Vilna) 47 First World War 79-91 Fishbein, Moisei 214, 277 n. 3 Forwerts 115 280
INDEX France 194 Franco, Francisco 180 Frank, Anne 169 Frank, Brigitte 155 Frank, Hans 150-1,155,195 Frank, Jacob 46-7 Frankfurt am Main 104 Frankfurter Zeitung 109 Franko, Ivan 15, 52, 74 Franz Joseph, Emperor 59, . 61-3,83 Fraser, Lady Antonia 117 Frederick II, King 28 Fredro, Andrzej Maksymilian 21 Fredro (Krakowiecki), Franciszek 16 Fredro (Krakowiecki), Stanisław 18 Galicia as Kriegsschauplatz 60-61 demography 63-4 Diet 69,72,74 education in 50-51 eastern 39,47,74, 79-80, 85, 90-98,120-22,131,151,154, 164,167,184,189-92 elections 59, 68-9 emigration 59, 64 German occupation (1941-44) 149-71 in First World War 79-91 Jews of 20, 22-5, 28-9,43-6, 58, 69,84-5,156,163-4 Josephine reforms 43-5 peasantry 28-9 Polish nationalism in 67 poverty 28-9, 59, 64 refugees (First World War) 82, 89 revolt (1846) 58 revolution (1848) 58 Soviet occupation (1920) 97, (1939-41) I39ÍÍToleranzpatent (1782) 44 Ukrainian nationalism in 67, 74,98 Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)96-7 galitsyaner 86 ‘Galizien’, Waffen-SS Division 154, 196-7, 216 Gawrońska, ‘worthy widow’ 3 6-7 Gazeta Lwowska 63 Gazeta Narodowa 73-4 Germany attack on USSR (1941) 149ft·, 186 Deutsche Demokratische Partei 109 Federal Republic 194-5, *97 Free Democrat Party 194 German Democratic Republic 203 Jews in 1-5, 8,11-12,109, no Polenaktion (1938) i, 6-8 (1939) 177 Weimar 3,107 Gerstler, Elias 64 Gioventù Universitaria Fascista 179 Glick, Elimelech 201-2 Gnojnica 16, 20, 72, 81, 86,133 Goebbels, Joseph 152-3 Gołąb 23 Gold, Steven 117 Goluchowski, Agenor 51 Gonta, Ivan 189-90 Goremykin, Ivan 84 Göring, Hermann 11-12
Gorlice 86 Gottesmann, Jacob 158 Gottlieb, Herzl 201 281
INDEX Gracko, Józef 68 Great Northern War 23-4 Greek Catholics 17, 67, 69,142-3, 192 Grushetski, Ivan 192 Grynszpan (forename unknown) 213 Grynszpan, Herschel 10 Guibaut, Pierre-Denis 34 Habonim 109 Hahn, Ludwig 134 Haifa 186 Haller, Józef 93 Halwaz,Jan37 Hashomer Hatsair no, 118 Hasidim 46-50 haskalah 47,49 Hausner, Gideon 86 Hebrew language 102,106,118 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The 203 Heidelberg 208 Heidereutergasse Synagogue 106-7 Herrmann, Günther 150 Hertzog, J. B. M. 112 Herzl, Theodor 74 Hessen-Homburg, Ludwig von 24 Heydrich, Reinhard 6,11,151 Himka, John-Paul 170 Himmler, Heinrich 154-5 Hirsch, Baron Maurice de 101-2 Hitler, Adolf 4, n, 28,109,150, 152՜3 *77,T95 Hitler-Stalin pact (1939) 137,139 Horodenko 83 Hoskins, W. G. 214 Hubicki, Alfred von 132-4 Hudal, Alois 195 Hungary 28, 60, 85-6,157, 202-3, 220 Innitzer, Theodor 4 International Red Cross 158,186 Israel 201-3 Istanbul 184-6 Italy 177-84 Jahr, Saul 135 ‘Jan of Kijany’ 19 Janowska labour camp 162 Jaroslaw 95,131 Jaworów (Yavoriv) 22,24, 51, 63, 72-3, 86-8, 92-3 and Curzon line 95 in Second World War 138,149, 152,168 Jews in 135,160-65 peasant protests 120 post-Communist 210 Russian missile attack (2022) 219 Jędrziowska, Mrs 37 Jerusalem 86,118, 203 Jesuit order 181-2 Jewish Agency 18 5 Johannesburg 112,199 John Casimir, King 23 John Paul II, Pope 181 Joseph II, Emperor 28-30,73 Joseph Ferdinand, Grand Duke of Tuscany 81, 89 Jüdische Rundschau 109-10 Jüdische Soziale Selbsthilfe (JSS) 158-9 Kabbalah 49, 255 n. i8 Kafka, Franz 1,48,170 Kagan, Berl 49-50 Kahane, Debora 65 Kamchatka 85 Kampei (Laub),
Hela 52 Kampei, Lazar 114, 211 282
INDEX Karaczay regiment 38 Karpiński, Franciszek 34 Kartashov, M. 208 Katz, Jacob 86 Katzmann, Friedrich 149,163-4, garden 32-3 Greek Catholic church 121, 204, 213 Greek Catholics 17, 30, 210 Hasidism in 49 Hebrew school 118 hospital 52, 71-3,143 in First World War 79-83, 86-90 in Khmelnitsky revolt 22-3 in memory ix - xiii in German-Polish war (1939) 131-9 isolation of 66 Jews of 13,17,19,41-5,49-53, 62, 64, 69-73, 88-9,113-15, 144-5, ī58ff-, 187-8 Judenrat 158 joke 63 lake 13,132 Magdeburg privileges 16 markets and marketplace 16,116, 136,144, 204, 211, 215-16, 218 memorial to Jews of 216-17 mill 114,132, 211 Matrikelbücher 44,159 name xxi,16 palace/manor house 31-2, 57, 60, 62.-3, 85,97,132.-3,2I3 peasant protest 120 Polish-Ukrainian conflict in 68, 92-3,189-91 population xi, 17,113,159 pre-historic 13 prosperity in Cetner period 36 Prosvita society 67-8,121,123 public health 51-2, 72 Roman Catholic church 18, 22, 24, 3 4-5, 4 2-3,13 3, 204, 211 Roman Catholics 17 195 Kauffman, Angelica 36 Kaunas 185 Kazimierz III, King zo Keith, James Z4 Khmelnytsky, ‘Bogdan’ 2z Khrushchev, Nikita 137-8,140, 149,190,193 Kiev 90 Kindertransport 176 Kirponos, Mikhail Petrovich 149 Kleist, Ewald von 131 Klüger, Meir no, 160 Klüger, Meshulam 116 Komsomol 145 Kowalyk,Iwan 102 Krakowiec (Krakovets): 12-3 agreement with Ignacy Cetner (1782)29-30 AK unit in 167-8 and Curzon line 95 author’s visits 2O9ff. castle 18, 30 cholera 52-3, 85 collectivization of agriculture 141, 192-3 courts 36-8, 44,121 effects of Russian invasion (2022) 219 egg trade 116-і 8 elections 113,141 epidemics 85,102,156
fires 24, 63, 88,102,114-16 flora and fauna 13-15 future prospects 217-18, 221 283
INDEX Krakowiec - conťd. school 22,36, 50-51,101-2,113, 125-6, 214 socio-economic conditions 102, 113-14,126,144-5 synagogue 65,114, 201, 204, 211,213,218 under German occupation (1941-44)149-71 under Soviet rule (1939-41) 139fr., 144-5; (1944-91) iSyff., 203-4 volunteers from in UPA 167 yizkorbukh 216 Zionism in 118-19 Krakovitser Kranken Untershtitsing Verein 65 Krasicki, Ignacy 27, 29, 31, 34-5 Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) 142 Krawiec, Fedek 102 Krilyk (Vasylkiv), losip 98,143 Kristallnacht (1938) 11 Kropevnytsky, Miroslav 214-15 Krug, Chaje 64 Krug, Moses 65 Krug, Rosa 64 Krug, Tomas 64 Krug, Willy 64 Krüger, Friedrich Wilhelm 155 Kubijovyc, Volodymyr Ґ50-1 Kuk, Vasyl 151,191 Kuropatnicki, Ewaryst Andrzej 32-4 Kvas, Vasyl 93 Łabno, Adolf 114,168 Labruzzi, Pietro 3 5-6 Łahodowski, Andrzej 21-3 Lakewood, N. J. 170 Lambrani, Maciej 37 Langer, František 85 Langer, Jiří 48 Lasch, Karl 155 Laub, Aron 45 Laub, Chaim-Yitzhak 89,115,128 Laub, Chana-Gittel 89-90,116 Laub, Esther 208 Laub, Regina 136,140, 208 Laub, Samuel (Beinish) 107,109, 136,208 Lax, Berl 170-71 Lazarus, Maurycy 73 League of Nations 96, in, 122,125 Lebed, Mykola 167 Ledóchowski, Ignacy (early 19th century) 181 Ledóchowski, Ignacy (early 20th century) 96,114,138, 183,199 Ledóchowska, Julia (Ursula) 181 Ledóchowska, Maria Teresa 181 Ledóchowski, Mieczysław 181 Ledóchowska, Paulina 97,138-9, 183,199 Ledóchowski, Włodzimierz (Jesuit) i8i֊4, 198-9 Ledóchowski, Włodzimierz (Polish resister) 199 Lemberger Togblat 115 Lemkos 192 Lipnica 138 Lisiewicz, Thomas Antoni 133 List, Wilhelm 131,134 Livadia 57 Lloyd George, David
94-5 Loosdorf 181 Łosie 16 Luba, Augustin 44 Lubienie 191-2 Łubieński, Alfred 61-2 284
INDEX Łubieńska, Jadwiga бо, 97,114, 138, 183, I99-2.OO, 2II Łubieński, Kazimierz 60 Lubomirski, Adam 57-9, 71 Lubomirski, Hieronym 60 Lunio, Eugen 200 Lwów (Lviv): 13,17 and Curzon line 95,188-9 Brygidki prison 142 Cetnerówka park 34 Communists in 98 exchange of population with Poland 192 in First World War 80, 84, 88,91 in Second World War 13 iff., i44ff., 196 Jewish hospital 73 name xxi pogroms (1914) 84; (1918) 91-2; (1941)152-3 post-Communist 209 revolution (1848) 58 riots (1908) 69 royal tribunal 34 Soviet arrests (1945) 196 Ukrainian nationalism in 66, 92, 99,124,150 Zionist Organization in 119 Lynn, Jonathan 117 Maczek, Stanislaw 131-4,198 Majus, Naftali 114,158 Majus, Pinkas ix, 136,147,150 Manchester Guardian 126 Maria Theresa, Empress 28-30,43 Marie-Antoinette, Queen 3 6 Marie-Louise, Queen 23 Mariupol 221 Marwell, David 200 Marx, Karl 186 Meir Julius 49 Melnyk, Andrii 151 Mendele Moykher Sforim (S. Y. Abramovich) 50 Mendelssohn, Moses 43 Merlini, Domenico 34 Mersin 186 Meteliä, Seweryn 67 Metternich, Klemens von 46 MGB 190 Mick, Christoph 152 Minkiewicz, Henryk 93 misnagdim Młyny 132,152 Modena regiment 3 8 Morańce 122 Moravia 46, 82, 85,103 Mortara, Edgardo 71 Mościska 66,95 Moszczany 70 Munkács 86 Mussolini, Benito 177,179,184 Nacht, Shmuel 202 Nachtigall battalion 153,166,196 Namier, Lewis x - xi, 94,96-7, 194 Netherlands, The 103,198 Neue Freie Presse 73-4 New York 64-5,126 New York Times 86-7 Niemirów 81 Nicholas II, Emperor 83 Nikolsburg (Mikulov) 82,103 NKVD 98,137,142-3, 152-5 189-90,192, 202 Nuremberg laws (1935) по Nuremberg trials 193-6 Nusskern,
Reisel 64 285
INDEX Oberländer, Theodor 151,153,196 Ohringer, Sala 200-201 Olanek, Maria Ivanivna 212 Olanek, Mikola Mikhailovich 169-71, 212 Onufrik, Ivan 143 Orbán, Viktor 220 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) 121-4, 151-4,166 Ostjuden 2-3, 26-7,104,106-7, 133,178 Ostrogski, Aleksander 18 Ostrogska, Anna 18 Ostrogski, Konstantyn 18 Oświęcim (see also Auschwitz) 82 ‘Pact of Steel’ (1939) 177 Paderewski, Ignacy 92,94 Palestine 64, in, 119,157,176, 179,185-6 Palmerston, Lord 93-4 Paris 10,124,180 Passover (1898) 101, (1938) 112, (1943) 161 Paul VI, Pope 181 Peace Conference (1919) 93-6 Peter ‘the Great’, Emperor 24 Petliura, Symon 124-5 Pfefferkorn, Wolf 202 Pieracki, Bronislaw 123 Pilkowicz, Jan 16 Pilsudski, Józef 79,98,125 Pius XI, Pope 183 Pius XII, Pope 198 Plattdeutsch 103-4 Plehve, Pavel Wenzel von 81 Pohl, Dieter 196-7 Pol, Wincenty 3 8-9 Poland: anti-Semitism in 125,154 border police 7 citizenship law (1938) 4-6 Council of Four Lands 41-2 General Gouvernement 150,155 government in exile 167,188 in Second World War 13 iff. Jews in 9-10, 20, 22,41-2,46, no, 127 landowners’ attitudes 119-20 peasants 120 Minorities Treaty (1919) 93,125 National Democrat party (‘Endeks’) 74,79 partitions 24, 28, 38 population exchange with Ukraine (1945-7) 191-2 post-1945 border with USSR 188-9 ‘propination’ laws 20 Sejm 28,124 Polish language 107,115,182 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 16-17,39 „ Poltava 24 Pompius, Nochim Majer 143,187 Pona, Dmitri 63 Pona, Rózia 62-3 Poniatowski, Stanisław August, King 28, 34,42 Porudenko 132, 210, 217 Potocki, Andrzej 69 Potocki Kajetan 3 5 Potocki, Leon
57,71 Potsdam Conference (1945) 188 Prague 48 prenumerantn 49-50, 255 n.18 Presser, Jacques xii Protocols of the Elders of Zion 75 Priiller, Wilhelm 137 286
INDEX Prussia z, Z4, 59 Przedborze 16 Przemyślany 157 Przytyk 125 Przemyśl 17, 20, 70-71 and Curzon line 95 anti-Jewish riots (1898) 74; (1918) 92 fortress 61, 80 in First World War 83-4, 86 in Second World War 131,134, 138-9,149 Jews of 41, 84,134 purchased by Ignacy Cetner 30 Przyborz, Marcin 36-7 Pstrokoński, Maciej 18-19 Radwanski, Feliks 3 5 Radymno ιοί Raków 18 Ransome, Arthur 96 Rappoport, Shloyme Zanvel (S. Ansky) 87-8 Rath, Ernst vom 10-11 Rathenau, Walther 3 Reni (painter) 181 Reuter, Fritz 104 Ricaud de Tirregaille, Pierre 3 2 Riga, Treaty of (1921) 97-8 Rilke, Rainer Maria 175 Ringelblum, Emanuel 9 Robert College, Istanbul 184-5 Rockefeller Foundation 85 Rohatyn 23 Rokeach, Aharon (fourth Belzer rebbe) 157 Rokeach, Issachar Dov (third Belzer rebbe) 48, 86 Rokeach, Shalom (first Belzer rebbe) 47 Rome 35-6,177-84,195,198 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 57,188 Roth, Joseph 62, 75-6,171 Ruda Krakowiecka 72, 202 Rudky 80 Rumania 137 Rundstedt, Gerd von 131,149 Russia (see also Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) 24, 60,90, 94, 96-7, 217, 2.19-2.0 Ruthenians (see also Ukrainians) 17, 21-3, 60, 66-9,102 Sabbatai Tsvi 46 Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von 49 Safed 118 St Christopher’s School 176 San, River 13, 23, 61, 81, 83,131-2, 138-9,149,189 Sandhaus, Chaim 158 Sands, Philippe 195 Sanguszko, Józef 35 Sapieha, Jan 27 Sapieha, Kazimierz Nestor 3 5 Scher, Leon 164-5, *67, 201 Schlesinger, Nachman 178,197 Schleswig-Holstein question 93-4 Schratt, Katharina 62 Schröger (Szreger), Efraim 34 Schutzstaffel (SS) 151-2,156, 159-60,163-4,166-7,195, 200 Schwarzbard, Sholem 124-5 Semen,
Matviev (‘Chomyn’) 191 serfdom 21, 28-30 Shakhinsky, Andri 93 ‘Shalom Aleichem’ (Shalom Rabinovitz) 66 Sheptytsky (Szeptycki), Andrey 69, 142-3, T54, 183,I9Z 287
INDEX Shevchenko, Taras 66, 189-90, 209 Shevchenko Scientific Society 66, 68 Shukhevych (Berezynska), Natalya 214-15 Shukhevych, Osip 68-9, 80,123 Shukhevych, Roman 68,122-3,153, 166-7, t?1» 2-12, 214-18, 220 Shukhevych, Stepan 123 Shukhevych, Volodymyr 122 Shukhevych, Yevhenia 68 Shukhevych, Yuriy 215 Sich Riflemen 92,123 Sichynskyi, Myroslav 69 Sienkiewicz, Henryk 22 Silberman, Israel 126-7 Silberman, Wolf 201 Slepoi, Iosif 192 Słowo Polskie 68 Snyder, Timothy 192 Sobieski, Jan 22-3 Sobiriski, Stanislaw 123 Socinians 18 Sohor, Lev 152 Sonnenthal (flautist) 68 South Africa in-12,128,145,186, 207-8 Spielberg, Steven 201 Stalin, Joseph 140-2,146-7,187-8 Stalingrad 169 Stanisławów 156 Stargardt, Nicholas 156 Starzava 82 Stetsko, Yaroslav 153 Strijdom, J. G. 112, 207 Stryjkowski, Julian (Pesach Stark) 83-4 Stülpnagel, Carl Heinrich von 149 Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia 86,132 Sweden 23,194 Świdnica 122 Swift, Jonathan 140,193 Switzerland 180 Syria 180 Szamylo, Michal 37 Szczepek, Jan 67 Szeptycki, Jan Kanty 72-3 Szeptycki, Stanislaw 72-3 Szkło stream 17, 81 Szowdrak, Fedor 3 7 Tangier 179-80 Tarnawa 16 Tarnopol 96 Tarnów 9, ιοί Tascher, Joachim François 57 Tashkent 201 Tatars 18, 22-3 Tehran Conference (1943) 188 Thalerhof 80 Tolstoy, Leo xii Toronto 197 Turkey 22-3,179-81,184-6 Tworzydło, Roman 167-8 Ukraine 191-2, 209, 215-16, 219-21 Ukrainian militias 92-3,135, 151-4,166,189 Ukrainian language 124 Ukrainian Central Committee 151 Ukrainian Communist Party 190 Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) 166-8,189-92, 215-17 Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO) 121 Ukrainian National
Republic 124 Ukrainian Rada (Council) 90 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 140 288
INDEX Ukrainians (see also Ruthenians) 120-21 Uniates: see Greek Catholics Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 9, 22, 96-7,146-7, i49Íf., 187-8,196 United Nations War Crimes Commission 195 United States of America 64, IIO-II, 127-8,158,196 Unowsky, Daniel 74 Vatican 195,198 Vengerak, Tadaj (‘Zahirny’) 191 Vienna 64, 73, 82, 85,103,137 Vigée-Le Brun, Elisabeth-Louise 36 Vilna 185 Visual History Archive 201 Volhynia 166 Voroshilov, Kliment Efremovich 96-7 Vushko, Peter 215 Wächter, Otto Gustav von 155-6, 195 Walton, Izaak 14 War of the Polish Succession 24 Wasserstein, Abraham (Addi) ix, xii - xiii, 207-8 Berlin properties 203 birth and childhood 104-9 deportation to Zbąszyń 1-2, 6-9, 12,175,182 in Britain 203 in Istanbul 184-6 in Palestine 186, 202 in Rome 177-84,198 last days in Berlin 129, 175-7 return to Germany 208 return to Israel 203 visits to Krakowiec 113-14, 116-17 Wasserstein (Stein), Abraham 65 Wasserstein, Alte Perl 64 Wasserstein, Bernhard (Berl) xii birth and childhood 101-3 confirmation of death 208 deportation to Zbąszyń (1938-9)1-3,6-7,9, 12,127-8 in Berlin 104-12,128 in Krakowiec (1939-44) 136-7, 145,147-8,169-70,178, 184-6 marriage 103 possible burial place 213 Wasserstein, Charlotte (Lotte) 2,12, 104,128,131,136,148, 169-70, 208 Wasserstein (Laub), Czarna 2,12, 103-8, in-12,128,131,136, 148,169-70, 208 Wasserstein, Gedaliah 119,158 Wasserstein, Hannah ιοί Wasserstein, Jacob 101,115-16, 128,187, 211-12 Wasserstein (Ecker), Margaret (Maca) ix, 202-3 Wasserstein, Noe 102-3 Wassner, Shloime 202 Watson, Alexander 91 Weichert, Michael 158 Weizmann, Chaim 118
Weizsäcker, Ernst von ro, 193-5 Weizsäcker, Richard 194 Weltsch, Robert 109-10 West Ukrainian People’s Republic 91 Wielkie Oczy 63,132,158-9,168 289
INDEX Wilde, Oscar 2i6 Wilson, Woodrow 92, 95 Windisch-Graetz, Ludwig zu 62 Witte, Sergei 84 Wladislaw II Jagiełło, King 16 Wolf (German police officer) 159, 162,169, 200 Wolff, Larry, 69 Wólka Rosnowska 97,138,183 Wołoch, Mikołaj and Stefan (Steczko) 16 Wurm, Mathilde 3 Wybicki, Józef 60 Yad Vashem 215 Yalta Conference (1945) 57,188 Yanushkevich, Nikolai 87 Yedidya (‘poor old Jew’) 199 Yiddish 102,107,115,147, 213 Yushchenko, Viktor 215 Zakopane 153 Zbąszyń 6-ю, 12,126-7,176 Zionism 9, 74,145,185-6 Zionist Organization in, 118-19, т7б Zolli (Zoller), Israel 178,198
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Contents Preface ix Acknowledgements xv List of Maps xvii xix . List of Illustrations xxi A Note on Place Names i The arrest i z The three fishes 13 3 ‘The most splendid times’ 27 4 The rise of the shtetl 41 5 The emperor’s Krakowiec 57 6 The burning shtetl 79 7 Krakowiec to Berlin 101 8 Berlin to Krakowiec 113 9 Under three regimes 131 10 ‘You have nothing to worry about. You are one of my Jews’ 149 n ‘A little place - you won’t have heard of it’ 175 12 One fish 187 13 Return to Krakowiec 207 Postscript 2.19 Sources 2.2.3 Notes 247 Index 2-79 vii
Sources FAMILY PAPERS ARCHIVES American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee archives, New York and Jerusalem Archiwum Akt Nowych, Warsaw Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych, Warsaw Archiwum Główne Urszulanek SJK, Pniewy Archiwum Państwowe w Krakowie Archiwum Państwowe w Przemyślu Bundesarchiv, Koblenz/Berlin/Freiburg Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People, Jerusalem Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem Derzhavnyi arkhiv L’vivs’koi oblasti Entschädigungsamt, Berlin Haluzevyy derzhavnyy arkhiv SB Ukrayiny Harvard Law School Library Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford, California International Tracing Service Archive, Arolsen Israel State Archives, Jerusalem Jagiellonian University Library manuscript dept., Cracow Jewish Historical Institute archive, Warsaw Landesarchiv Berlin Leo Baeck Institute Archive, New York Library of Congress, Washington DC Lvivska natsionalna naukova biblioteka imeni V. Stefanyka Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Vienna Polish Institute and Sikorski Museum archive, London Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi voennyi arkhiv 2.2.3
SOURCES Polish Underground Movement Study Trust, London ' State Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow State Historical Archive of Ukraine, Lviv UK National Archives, Kew United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archive, Washington DC United States National Archives, Washington DC Wiener Library archive, London Yad Vashem Archives, Jerusalem YIVO archive, New York INTERVIEWS (a) Interviews conducted by the author Aharon Berg, Kibbutz Mishmar Hasharon, 1994 Yisrael and Dov Berg, Tel Aviv, 1995 Israel Getzler, London, 1993 Elimelech Glick, Rishon le-Tsiyyon, 1995 Mala Gottlieb, Jerusalem, 1995 (forename unclear) Grynszpan, Krakovets, 1993 Anna Kozak, Krakovets, 1993 Miroslav Kropevnytsky, Krakovets, 2019 Berl Lax, Lakewood, N.J., 1996 Heia Laub, Jerusalem, 1996 Sonia Levensolt, Ramat Gan, 1994 Frejde Nacht, Gan Yavne, 1995 Shmuel Nacht, Rishon le-Tsiyyon, 1995 Eli Silberman, Brooklyn, N.Y, 1996 Volodymir Shkondra, Krakovets, 1993 Oksana Ivanivna Strus, Krakovets, 2019 Sara Tenenbojm, Netanya, 1995 Abraham Wasserstein, Oxford/London, 1993 (b) Other interviews Klara Bielec {née Bogen), USC Shoah Foundation, Wroclaw, 1997 Shalom Bierman, USC Shoah Foundation, Berlin, 1996 Leah Binstock, USC Shoah Foundation, Cleveland, 1996 Frieda Blum, USC Shoah Foundation, Givatayim, 1995 224
SOURCES Rafal Dominic, USC Shoah Foundation, Toronto, 1995 Mark Geller, USC Shoah Foundation, Montreal, 2013 Yehuda Goldman, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 4 August 1948 Herzl and Mala Gottlieb (interviewer: Jane Grossberg), Melbourne, 1993 Jonas Kampei (interviewer: David J. Wasserstein), Jerusalem, 1993 Stefania Kupfer, USC Shoah Foundation, Paris, 1996 Leon Scher, USC Shoah Foundation, La Cañada, Calif., 1996 Jacob Schreiber, USC Shoah Foundation, Albany, NY, 1997 Esther Sperling-Mayden, USC Shoah Foundation, Boca Raton, 1996 Ben Steltzer, USC Shoah Foundation, Lincolnwood, Ill., 1995 Zelda Susser (interviewer: David J. Wasserstein), 1994/5 Sabina Sweidan (interviewer: Barbara Meyerowitz), USC Shoah Founda tion, 1996 WRITTEN TESTIMONIES Jonas Beer and Włodzimierz Hochberg (no date given), Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw Antoni Budzianowski (Hoover Institution Archives, Poland, Min. Inf. Box 138, Folder 2) Tslila Harari, Haifa, 24 August 1995 (letter to author) Jonas Kampei, unpublished memoir, undated, Johannesburg Jack Baruch Keil, Leo Baeck Institute, New York, no date given Ahron Klahr, Mościska, 12 January 1948, Yad Vashem archive, Jerusalem Julius Kühl recollections, Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust David Majus, 12 January 2002 (communication to author) Israel (Ignacy) Manber, Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, 12 July 1946 Juda Metzler, Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw, Chorzów, no date given Mira Ringel (Lichtenholtz), Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 2 March 1948 Miriam Rosenblum, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, August 1974 WEBSITES https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/ The
Ledóchowski family: http://www.ledochowski.eu/rodzina/index.html ‘Return to Krakowiec’ (Laub family video): https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=wo5NRMZhQhI (no longer available) 225
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Index Abend, Mala 201 Abwehr 121,151,153 Adass Jisroel Realgymnasium 105-6,175,178,197-8 Adenauer, Konrad 196 Agnon (Czaczkes), Shmuel Yosef 118 Akhva n 9 Alexandrowicz, Wilhelm 9 American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee 9, 89 anti-Semitism 23, 74-5,112,124, 179,183 Arendt, Hannah 86 Argentina 186 Armia Krajowa, (AK, Polish Home Army) 154,162-3, г^7 Auffenberg, Moritz von 81, 83 Augustus II, King 24 Auschwitz 157,197, 203 Ausgleich (1867) 59 Australia 201 Austria 24, 28-9,112,155,180 Austria-Hungary 59, 79-91 Babel, Isaac 96-7 Bach-Zelewski, Erich von dem 166-7 Bad Reichenhall 201 Bandera, Stepan 151,153,167, 215 Bar, Confederation of 28 Barash, Asher 76-7 Bartmański, Oswald 72 Basel 74 Beck, Józef 10 Belcredi, Richard 73 Belz 28,47, 86,157 Bełżec 156 Benjamin, Walter 218 Bentele, Ferdinand 133 Bereza Kartuska 123 Berg (Levensolt), Sonia 136, 201 Berger, Henryk 114,118,143,150, 201 Berlin 1-6,104, no, 155, 208 Berlin Document Center 200 Berliner Tageblatt 109 Best, Werner 4-6,193-5 Betar 118 Biała Podlaska 146 Bilczewski, Józef 91-2 Bismarck, Otto von 2 Bnei Akiva 118 Bochnia 157 Bolesław ‘the Pious’, Duke 20 Bolsheviks 9 5-8 Borysław-Drohobycz region 139 Boy-Żeleński, Tadeusz 153 279
INDEX Communism 9 Communist Party of Eastern Galicia 98 Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz 80-83, IO3 Coolidge, A. C. 95 Cossacks 22-4, 83-4, 88 Council of Ambassadors 98 Cracow 32, 201 Curzon line 95-7,188 Czarniecki, Stefan 23 Czechoslovakia 220 Brafman, Jakob 75 ‘Bread Peace’ (1918) 90 Breda 198 Brest, Synod of 17,192. Brest-Litovsk 90 Britain 203 British Guiana 176 Brody 62,178 Brown, Craig xii Brusilov, Aleksei 89 Buczacz 118 Buczyński, Commandant 98 Budapest 64,157, 220 Budyonny, Semyon Mikhailovich 96-7 Bund 9,145 Cambon, Jules 95 Canada 196-7 Carpathian mountains 131 Catherine II, Empress 28-9 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 203-4 Central Office for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes 197, 200 Cetner, Anna 31-2, 35-6,45, 52, 57, 71,133 Cetner, Ignacy 27-36, 38-9, 57, 133,218 Cetner, Józef 24 Cetner; Ludwika 31 Chaimowicz, Oszor 44 Charles XII, King 23-4 Charles-Eugène de Lorraine 35, 57 Cholm (Chelm) 90 Choma, Grzegorz 64 Chruszcz, Leopold 142 Churchill, Winston 83,188 Chwila 115 Dąbrowski march 60 Dachau 4 Danysh, Bogdan 124 Darmstadt 195 Defenders of the Homeland 121-2 Denmark 194 Deschênes, Jules 197 Dmowski, Roman 74, 79 Döblin, Alfred 99 Dora-Mittelbau concentration camp 199 Douglas, Robert 23 Draczakiewicz, Daniel 37 Dreßen, Wilhelm 200 Eden, Anthony 188 Edinburgh 198 Eichmann, Adolf 86 Einsatzgruppen 134-5,139, 150-1, 153 Eliot, George (Mary Ann Evans) x Eliyahu ben Shlomo Zalman (Gaon of Vilna) 47 First World War 79-91 Fishbein, Moisei 214, 277 n. 3 Forwerts 115 280
INDEX France 194 Franco, Francisco 180 Frank, Anne 169 Frank, Brigitte 155 Frank, Hans 150-1,155,195 Frank, Jacob 46-7 Frankfurt am Main 104 Frankfurter Zeitung 109 Franko, Ivan 15, 52, 74 Franz Joseph, Emperor 59, . 61-3,83 Fraser, Lady Antonia 117 Frederick II, King 28 Fredro, Andrzej Maksymilian 21 Fredro (Krakowiecki), Franciszek 16 Fredro (Krakowiecki), Stanisław 18 Galicia as Kriegsschauplatz 60-61 demography 63-4 Diet 69,72,74 education in 50-51 eastern 39,47,74, 79-80, 85, 90-98,120-22,131,151,154, 164,167,184,189-92 elections 59, 68-9 emigration 59, 64 German occupation (1941-44) 149-71 in First World War 79-91 Jews of 20, 22-5, 28-9,43-6, 58, 69,84-5,156,163-4 Josephine reforms 43-5 peasantry 28-9 Polish nationalism in 67 poverty 28-9, 59, 64 refugees (First World War) 82, 89 revolt (1846) 58 revolution (1848) 58 Soviet occupation (1920) 97, (1939-41) I39ÍÍToleranzpatent (1782) 44 Ukrainian nationalism in 67, 74,98 Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920)96-7 galitsyaner 86 ‘Galizien’, Waffen-SS Division 154, 196-7, 216 Gawrońska, ‘worthy widow’ 3 6-7 Gazeta Lwowska 63 Gazeta Narodowa 73-4 Germany attack on USSR (1941) 149ft·, 186 Deutsche Demokratische Partei 109 Federal Republic 194-5, *97 Free Democrat Party 194 German Democratic Republic 203 Jews in 1-5, 8,11-12,109, no Polenaktion (1938) i, 6-8 (1939) 177 Weimar 3,107 Gerstler, Elias 64 Gioventù Universitaria Fascista 179 Glick, Elimelech 201-2 Gnojnica 16, 20, 72, 81, 86,133 Goebbels, Joseph 152-3 Gołąb 23 Gold, Steven 117 Goluchowski, Agenor 51 Gonta, Ivan 189-90 Goremykin, Ivan 84 Göring, Hermann 11-12
Gorlice 86 Gottesmann, Jacob 158 Gottlieb, Herzl 201 281
INDEX Gracko, Józef 68 Great Northern War 23-4 Greek Catholics 17, 67, 69,142-3, 192 Grushetski, Ivan 192 Grynszpan (forename unknown) 213 Grynszpan, Herschel 10 Guibaut, Pierre-Denis 34 Habonim 109 Hahn, Ludwig 134 Haifa 186 Haller, Józef 93 Halwaz,Jan37 Hashomer Hatsair no, 118 Hasidim 46-50 haskalah 47,49 Hausner, Gideon 86 Hebrew language 102,106,118 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The 203 Heidelberg 208 Heidereutergasse Synagogue 106-7 Herrmann, Günther 150 Hertzog, J. B. M. 112 Herzl, Theodor 74 Hessen-Homburg, Ludwig von 24 Heydrich, Reinhard 6,11,151 Himka, John-Paul 170 Himmler, Heinrich 154-5 Hirsch, Baron Maurice de 101-2 Hitler, Adolf 4, n, 28,109,150, 152՜3 *77,T95 Hitler-Stalin pact (1939) 137,139 Horodenko 83 Hoskins, W. G. 214 Hubicki, Alfred von 132-4 Hudal, Alois 195 Hungary 28, 60, 85-6,157, 202-3, 220 Innitzer, Theodor 4 International Red Cross 158,186 Israel 201-3 Istanbul 184-6 Italy 177-84 Jahr, Saul 135 ‘Jan of Kijany’ 19 Janowska labour camp 162 Jaroslaw 95,131 Jaworów (Yavoriv) 22,24, 51, 63, 72-3, 86-8, 92-3 and Curzon line 95 in Second World War 138,149, 152,168 Jews in 135,160-65 peasant protests 120 post-Communist 210 Russian missile attack (2022) 219 Jędrziowska, Mrs 37 Jerusalem 86,118, 203 Jesuit order 181-2 Jewish Agency 18 5 Johannesburg 112,199 John Casimir, King 23 John Paul II, Pope 181 Joseph II, Emperor 28-30,73 Joseph Ferdinand, Grand Duke of Tuscany 81, 89 Jüdische Rundschau 109-10 Jüdische Soziale Selbsthilfe (JSS) 158-9 Kabbalah 49, 255 n. i8 Kafka, Franz 1,48,170 Kagan, Berl 49-50 Kahane, Debora 65 Kamchatka 85 Kampei (Laub),
Hela 52 Kampei, Lazar 114, 211 282
INDEX Karaczay regiment 38 Karpiński, Franciszek 34 Kartashov, M. 208 Katz, Jacob 86 Katzmann, Friedrich 149,163-4, garden 32-3 Greek Catholic church 121, 204, 213 Greek Catholics 17, 30, 210 Hasidism in 49 Hebrew school 118 hospital 52, 71-3,143 in First World War 79-83, 86-90 in Khmelnitsky revolt 22-3 in memory ix - xiii in German-Polish war (1939) 131-9 isolation of 66 Jews of 13,17,19,41-5,49-53, 62, 64, 69-73, 88-9,113-15, 144-5, ī58ff-, 187-8 Judenrat 158 joke 63 lake 13,132 Magdeburg privileges 16 markets and marketplace 16,116, 136,144, 204, 211, 215-16, 218 memorial to Jews of 216-17 mill 114,132, 211 Matrikelbücher 44,159 name xxi,16 palace/manor house 31-2, 57, 60, 62.-3, 85,97,132.-3,2I3 peasant protest 120 Polish-Ukrainian conflict in 68, 92-3,189-91 population xi, 17,113,159 pre-historic 13 prosperity in Cetner period 36 Prosvita society 67-8,121,123 public health 51-2, 72 Roman Catholic church 18, 22, 24, 3 4-5, 4 2-3,13 3, 204, 211 Roman Catholics 17 195 Kauffman, Angelica 36 Kaunas 185 Kazimierz III, King zo Keith, James Z4 Khmelnytsky, ‘Bogdan’ 2z Khrushchev, Nikita 137-8,140, 149,190,193 Kiev 90 Kindertransport 176 Kirponos, Mikhail Petrovich 149 Kleist, Ewald von 131 Klüger, Meir no, 160 Klüger, Meshulam 116 Komsomol 145 Kowalyk,Iwan 102 Krakowiec (Krakovets): 12-3 agreement with Ignacy Cetner (1782)29-30 AK unit in 167-8 and Curzon line 95 author’s visits 2O9ff. castle 18, 30 cholera 52-3, 85 collectivization of agriculture 141, 192-3 courts 36-8, 44,121 effects of Russian invasion (2022) 219 egg trade 116-і 8 elections 113,141 epidemics 85,102,156
fires 24, 63, 88,102,114-16 flora and fauna 13-15 future prospects 217-18, 221 283
INDEX Krakowiec - conťd. school 22,36, 50-51,101-2,113, 125-6, 214 socio-economic conditions 102, 113-14,126,144-5 synagogue 65,114, 201, 204, 211,213,218 under German occupation (1941-44)149-71 under Soviet rule (1939-41) 139fr., 144-5; (1944-91) iSyff., 203-4 volunteers from in UPA 167 yizkorbukh 216 Zionism in 118-19 Krakovitser Kranken Untershtitsing Verein 65 Krasicki, Ignacy 27, 29, 31, 34-5 Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) 142 Krawiec, Fedek 102 Krilyk (Vasylkiv), losip 98,143 Kristallnacht (1938) 11 Kropevnytsky, Miroslav 214-15 Krug, Chaje 64 Krug, Moses 65 Krug, Rosa 64 Krug, Tomas 64 Krug, Willy 64 Krüger, Friedrich Wilhelm 155 Kubijovyc, Volodymyr Ґ50-1 Kuk, Vasyl 151,191 Kuropatnicki, Ewaryst Andrzej 32-4 Kvas, Vasyl 93 Łabno, Adolf 114,168 Labruzzi, Pietro 3 5-6 Łahodowski, Andrzej 21-3 Lakewood, N. J. 170 Lambrani, Maciej 37 Langer, František 85 Langer, Jiří 48 Lasch, Karl 155 Laub, Aron 45 Laub, Chaim-Yitzhak 89,115,128 Laub, Chana-Gittel 89-90,116 Laub, Esther 208 Laub, Regina 136,140, 208 Laub, Samuel (Beinish) 107,109, 136,208 Lax, Berl 170-71 Lazarus, Maurycy 73 League of Nations 96, in, 122,125 Lebed, Mykola 167 Ledóchowski, Ignacy (early 19th century) 181 Ledóchowski, Ignacy (early 20th century) 96,114,138, 183,199 Ledóchowska, Julia (Ursula) 181 Ledóchowska, Maria Teresa 181 Ledóchowski, Mieczysław 181 Ledóchowska, Paulina 97,138-9, 183,199 Ledóchowski, Włodzimierz (Jesuit) i8i֊4, 198-9 Ledóchowski, Włodzimierz (Polish resister) 199 Lemberger Togblat 115 Lemkos 192 Lipnica 138 Lisiewicz, Thomas Antoni 133 List, Wilhelm 131,134 Livadia 57 Lloyd George, David
94-5 Loosdorf 181 Łosie 16 Luba, Augustin 44 Lubienie 191-2 Łubieński, Alfred 61-2 284
INDEX Łubieńska, Jadwiga бо, 97,114, 138, 183, I99-2.OO, 2II Łubieński, Kazimierz 60 Lubomirski, Adam 57-9, 71 Lubomirski, Hieronym 60 Lunio, Eugen 200 Lwów (Lviv): 13,17 and Curzon line 95,188-9 Brygidki prison 142 Cetnerówka park 34 Communists in 98 exchange of population with Poland 192 in First World War 80, 84, 88,91 in Second World War 13 iff., i44ff., 196 Jewish hospital 73 name xxi pogroms (1914) 84; (1918) 91-2; (1941)152-3 post-Communist 209 revolution (1848) 58 riots (1908) 69 royal tribunal 34 Soviet arrests (1945) 196 Ukrainian nationalism in 66, 92, 99,124,150 Zionist Organization in 119 Lynn, Jonathan 117 Maczek, Stanislaw 131-4,198 Majus, Naftali 114,158 Majus, Pinkas ix, 136,147,150 Manchester Guardian 126 Maria Theresa, Empress 28-30,43 Marie-Antoinette, Queen 3 6 Marie-Louise, Queen 23 Mariupol 221 Marwell, David 200 Marx, Karl 186 Meir Julius 49 Melnyk, Andrii 151 Mendele Moykher Sforim (S. Y. Abramovich) 50 Mendelssohn, Moses 43 Merlini, Domenico 34 Mersin 186 Meteliä, Seweryn 67 Metternich, Klemens von 46 MGB 190 Mick, Christoph 152 Minkiewicz, Henryk 93 misnagdim Młyny 132,152 Modena regiment 3 8 Morańce 122 Moravia 46, 82, 85,103 Mortara, Edgardo 71 Mościska 66,95 Moszczany 70 Munkács 86 Mussolini, Benito 177,179,184 Nacht, Shmuel 202 Nachtigall battalion 153,166,196 Namier, Lewis x - xi, 94,96-7, 194 Netherlands, The 103,198 Neue Freie Presse 73-4 New York 64-5,126 New York Times 86-7 Niemirów 81 Nicholas II, Emperor 83 Nikolsburg (Mikulov) 82,103 NKVD 98,137,142-3, 152-5 189-90,192, 202 Nuremberg laws (1935) по Nuremberg trials 193-6 Nusskern,
Reisel 64 285
INDEX Oberländer, Theodor 151,153,196 Ohringer, Sala 200-201 Olanek, Maria Ivanivna 212 Olanek, Mikola Mikhailovich 169-71, 212 Onufrik, Ivan 143 Orbán, Viktor 220 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) 121-4, 151-4,166 Ostjuden 2-3, 26-7,104,106-7, 133,178 Ostrogski, Aleksander 18 Ostrogska, Anna 18 Ostrogski, Konstantyn 18 Oświęcim (see also Auschwitz) 82 ‘Pact of Steel’ (1939) 177 Paderewski, Ignacy 92,94 Palestine 64, in, 119,157,176, 179,185-6 Palmerston, Lord 93-4 Paris 10,124,180 Passover (1898) 101, (1938) 112, (1943) 161 Paul VI, Pope 181 Peace Conference (1919) 93-6 Peter ‘the Great’, Emperor 24 Petliura, Symon 124-5 Pfefferkorn, Wolf 202 Pieracki, Bronislaw 123 Pilkowicz, Jan 16 Pilsudski, Józef 79,98,125 Pius XI, Pope 183 Pius XII, Pope 198 Plattdeutsch 103-4 Plehve, Pavel Wenzel von 81 Pohl, Dieter 196-7 Pol, Wincenty 3 8-9 Poland: anti-Semitism in 125,154 border police 7 citizenship law (1938) 4-6 Council of Four Lands 41-2 General Gouvernement 150,155 government in exile 167,188 in Second World War 13 iff. Jews in 9-10, 20, 22,41-2,46, no, 127 landowners’ attitudes 119-20 peasants 120 Minorities Treaty (1919) 93,125 National Democrat party (‘Endeks’) 74,79 partitions 24, 28, 38 population exchange with Ukraine (1945-7) 191-2 post-1945 border with USSR 188-9 ‘propination’ laws 20 Sejm 28,124 Polish language 107,115,182 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 16-17,39 „ Poltava 24 Pompius, Nochim Majer 143,187 Pona, Dmitri 63 Pona, Rózia 62-3 Poniatowski, Stanisław August, King 28, 34,42 Porudenko 132, 210, 217 Potocki, Andrzej 69 Potocki Kajetan 3 5 Potocki, Leon
57,71 Potsdam Conference (1945) 188 Prague 48 prenumerantn 49-50, 255 n.18 Presser, Jacques xii Protocols of the Elders of Zion 75 Priiller, Wilhelm 137 286
INDEX Prussia z, Z4, 59 Przedborze 16 Przemyślany 157 Przytyk 125 Przemyśl 17, 20, 70-71 and Curzon line 95 anti-Jewish riots (1898) 74; (1918) 92 fortress 61, 80 in First World War 83-4, 86 in Second World War 131,134, 138-9,149 Jews of 41, 84,134 purchased by Ignacy Cetner 30 Przyborz, Marcin 36-7 Pstrokoński, Maciej 18-19 Radwanski, Feliks 3 5 Radymno ιοί Raków 18 Ransome, Arthur 96 Rappoport, Shloyme Zanvel (S. Ansky) 87-8 Rath, Ernst vom 10-11 Rathenau, Walther 3 Reni (painter) 181 Reuter, Fritz 104 Ricaud de Tirregaille, Pierre 3 2 Riga, Treaty of (1921) 97-8 Rilke, Rainer Maria 175 Ringelblum, Emanuel 9 Robert College, Istanbul 184-5 Rockefeller Foundation 85 Rohatyn 23 Rokeach, Aharon (fourth Belzer rebbe) 157 Rokeach, Issachar Dov (third Belzer rebbe) 48, 86 Rokeach, Shalom (first Belzer rebbe) 47 Rome 35-6,177-84,195,198 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 57,188 Roth, Joseph 62, 75-6,171 Ruda Krakowiecka 72, 202 Rudky 80 Rumania 137 Rundstedt, Gerd von 131,149 Russia (see also Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) 24, 60,90, 94, 96-7, 217, 2.19-2.0 Ruthenians (see also Ukrainians) 17, 21-3, 60, 66-9,102 Sabbatai Tsvi 46 Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von 49 Safed 118 St Christopher’s School 176 San, River 13, 23, 61, 81, 83,131-2, 138-9,149,189 Sandhaus, Chaim 158 Sands, Philippe 195 Sanguszko, Józef 35 Sapieha, Jan 27 Sapieha, Kazimierz Nestor 3 5 Scher, Leon 164-5, *67, 201 Schlesinger, Nachman 178,197 Schleswig-Holstein question 93-4 Schratt, Katharina 62 Schröger (Szreger), Efraim 34 Schutzstaffel (SS) 151-2,156, 159-60,163-4,166-7,195, 200 Schwarzbard, Sholem 124-5 Semen,
Matviev (‘Chomyn’) 191 serfdom 21, 28-30 Shakhinsky, Andri 93 ‘Shalom Aleichem’ (Shalom Rabinovitz) 66 Sheptytsky (Szeptycki), Andrey 69, 142-3, T54, 183,I9Z 287
INDEX Shevchenko, Taras 66, 189-90, 209 Shevchenko Scientific Society 66, 68 Shukhevych (Berezynska), Natalya 214-15 Shukhevych, Osip 68-9, 80,123 Shukhevych, Roman 68,122-3,153, 166-7, t?1» 2-12, 214-18, 220 Shukhevych, Stepan 123 Shukhevych, Volodymyr 122 Shukhevych, Yevhenia 68 Shukhevych, Yuriy 215 Sich Riflemen 92,123 Sichynskyi, Myroslav 69 Sienkiewicz, Henryk 22 Silberman, Israel 126-7 Silberman, Wolf 201 Slepoi, Iosif 192 Słowo Polskie 68 Snyder, Timothy 192 Sobieski, Jan 22-3 Sobiriski, Stanislaw 123 Socinians 18 Sohor, Lev 152 Sonnenthal (flautist) 68 South Africa in-12,128,145,186, 207-8 Spielberg, Steven 201 Stalin, Joseph 140-2,146-7,187-8 Stalingrad 169 Stanisławów 156 Stargardt, Nicholas 156 Starzava 82 Stetsko, Yaroslav 153 Strijdom, J. G. 112, 207 Stryjkowski, Julian (Pesach Stark) 83-4 Stülpnagel, Carl Heinrich von 149 Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia 86,132 Sweden 23,194 Świdnica 122 Swift, Jonathan 140,193 Switzerland 180 Syria 180 Szamylo, Michal 37 Szczepek, Jan 67 Szeptycki, Jan Kanty 72-3 Szeptycki, Stanislaw 72-3 Szkło stream 17, 81 Szowdrak, Fedor 3 7 Tangier 179-80 Tarnawa 16 Tarnopol 96 Tarnów 9, ιοί Tascher, Joachim François 57 Tashkent 201 Tatars 18, 22-3 Tehran Conference (1943) 188 Thalerhof 80 Tolstoy, Leo xii Toronto 197 Turkey 22-3,179-81,184-6 Tworzydło, Roman 167-8 Ukraine 191-2, 209, 215-16, 219-21 Ukrainian militias 92-3,135, 151-4,166,189 Ukrainian language 124 Ukrainian Central Committee 151 Ukrainian Communist Party 190 Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) 166-8,189-92, 215-17 Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance (UNDO) 121 Ukrainian National
Republic 124 Ukrainian Rada (Council) 90 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 140 288
INDEX Ukrainians (see also Ruthenians) 120-21 Uniates: see Greek Catholics Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 9, 22, 96-7,146-7, i49Íf., 187-8,196 United Nations War Crimes Commission 195 United States of America 64, IIO-II, 127-8,158,196 Unowsky, Daniel 74 Vatican 195,198 Vengerak, Tadaj (‘Zahirny’) 191 Vienna 64, 73, 82, 85,103,137 Vigée-Le Brun, Elisabeth-Louise 36 Vilna 185 Visual History Archive 201 Volhynia 166 Voroshilov, Kliment Efremovich 96-7 Vushko, Peter 215 Wächter, Otto Gustav von 155-6, 195 Walton, Izaak 14 War of the Polish Succession 24 Wasserstein, Abraham (Addi) ix, xii - xiii, 207-8 Berlin properties 203 birth and childhood 104-9 deportation to Zbąszyń 1-2, 6-9, 12,175,182 in Britain 203 in Istanbul 184-6 in Palestine 186, 202 in Rome 177-84,198 last days in Berlin 129, 175-7 return to Germany 208 return to Israel 203 visits to Krakowiec 113-14, 116-17 Wasserstein (Stein), Abraham 65 Wasserstein, Alte Perl 64 Wasserstein, Bernhard (Berl) xii birth and childhood 101-3 confirmation of death 208 deportation to Zbąszyń (1938-9)1-3,6-7,9, 12,127-8 in Berlin 104-12,128 in Krakowiec (1939-44) 136-7, 145,147-8,169-70,178, 184-6 marriage 103 possible burial place 213 Wasserstein, Charlotte (Lotte) 2,12, 104,128,131,136,148, 169-70, 208 Wasserstein (Laub), Czarna 2,12, 103-8, in-12,128,131,136, 148,169-70, 208 Wasserstein, Gedaliah 119,158 Wasserstein, Hannah ιοί Wasserstein, Jacob 101,115-16, 128,187, 211-12 Wasserstein (Ecker), Margaret (Maca) ix, 202-3 Wasserstein, Noe 102-3 Wassner, Shloime 202 Watson, Alexander 91 Weichert, Michael 158 Weizmann, Chaim 118
Weizsäcker, Ernst von ro, 193-5 Weizsäcker, Richard 194 Weltsch, Robert 109-10 West Ukrainian People’s Republic 91 Wielkie Oczy 63,132,158-9,168 289
INDEX Wilde, Oscar 2i6 Wilson, Woodrow 92, 95 Windisch-Graetz, Ludwig zu 62 Witte, Sergei 84 Wladislaw II Jagiełło, King 16 Wolf (German police officer) 159, 162,169, 200 Wolff, Larry, 69 Wólka Rosnowska 97,138,183 Wołoch, Mikołaj and Stefan (Steczko) 16 Wurm, Mathilde 3 Wybicki, Józef 60 Yad Vashem 215 Yalta Conference (1945) 57,188 Yanushkevich, Nikolai 87 Yedidya (‘poor old Jew’) 199 Yiddish 102,107,115,147, 213 Yushchenko, Viktor 215 Zakopane 153 Zbąszyń 6-ю, 12,126-7,176 Zionism 9, 74,145,185-6 Zionist Organization in, 118-19, т7б Zolli (Zoller), Israel 178,198 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Wasserstein, Bernard 1948- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)121371816 |
| author_facet | Wasserstein, Bernard 1948- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Wasserstein, Bernard 1948- |
| author_variant | b w bw |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV049051773 |
| contents | The arrest -- The three fishes -- 'The most splendid times' -- The rise of the shtetl -- The emperor's Krakowiec -- The burning shtetl -- Krakowiec to Berlin -- Berlin to Krakowiec -- Under three regimes -- 'You have nothing to worry about. You are one of my Jews' -- 'A little place -- you won't have heard of it' -- One fish -- Return to Krakowiec -- Postscript |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1375676453 (DE-599)BVBBV049051773 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Krakovets (DE-588)4265167-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Krakovets |
| id | DE-604.BV049051773 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T22:21:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:53:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780241609224 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034314106 |
| oclc_num | 1375676453 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xxi, 289 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, POrträts 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20230828 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Allen Lane |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wasserstein, Bernard 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)121371816 aut A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to Bernard Wasserstein [London] UK Allen Lane 2023 xxi, 289 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, POrträts 24 cm txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier The arrest -- The three fishes -- 'The most splendid times' -- The rise of the shtetl -- The emperor's Krakowiec -- The burning shtetl -- Krakowiec to Berlin -- Berlin to Krakowiec -- Under three regimes -- 'You have nothing to worry about. You are one of my Jews' -- 'A little place -- you won't have heard of it' -- One fish -- Return to Krakowiec -- Postscript "The revelatory history of Krakowiec - 'a little place you've never heard of ' - through which we see life in Eastern Europe as never before. Decades ago, the historian Bernard Wasserstein set out to uncover the hidden past of the town forty miles west of Lviv where his family originated- Krakowiec (Krah-KOV-yets). In this book he recounts its dramatic and traumatic history. 'I want to observe and understand how some of the great forces that determined the shape of our times affected ordinary people.' The result is an exceptional, often moving book. Wasserstein traces the arc of history across centuries of religious and political conflict, as armies of Cossacks, Turks, Swedes, and Muscovites rampaged through the region. In the age of enlightenment, the Polish magnate Ignacy Cetner built his palace at Krakowiec and, with his vivacious daughter, Princess Anna, created an arcadia of refinement and serenity. Under the Habsburg emperors after 1772, Krakowiec developed into a typical shtetl, with a jostling population of Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews. In 1914, disaster struck. 'Seven years of terror and carnage' left a legacy of ferocious national antagonisms. During the Second World War the Jews were murdered in circumstances harrowingly described by Wasserstein. After the war the Poles were expelled and the town dwindled into a border outpost. Today, the storm of history once again flows through Krakowiec as hordes of refugees flee for their lives from Ukraine to Poland. At the beginning and end of the book we encounter Wasserstein's own family, especially his grandfather Berl. In their lives and the many others Wasserstein has rediscovered, the people of Krakowiec become a prism through which we can feel the shocking immediacy of history. Original in conception and brilliantly achieved, Krakowiec is a masterpiece of recovery and insight"--Publisher's description Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Krakovets (DE-588)4265167-0 gnd rswk-swf Wasserstein, Bernard / Family Krakovet͡sʹ (Ukraine) / History Krakovet͡sʹ (Ukraine) / Social conditions Ukraine / History Ukraine / Social conditions Jewish diaspora / 20th century Jews / Ukraine / Krakovet͡sʹ / Biography Social conditions Jews / Ukraine / Krakovet͡sʹ / History Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Ukraine / Krakovet͡sʹ Shtetls / Ukraine / Krakovet͡sʹ Krakovet͡sʹ (Ukraine) History Biographies Krakovets (DE-588)4265167-0 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9781802061413 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034314106&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034314106&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034314106&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Wasserstein, Bernard 1948- A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to The arrest -- The three fishes -- 'The most splendid times' -- The rise of the shtetl -- The emperor's Krakowiec -- The burning shtetl -- Krakowiec to Berlin -- Berlin to Krakowiec -- Under three regimes -- 'You have nothing to worry about. You are one of my Jews' -- 'A little place -- you won't have heard of it' -- One fish -- Return to Krakowiec -- Postscript Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4265167-0 |
| title | A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to |
| title_auth | A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to |
| title_exact_search | A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to |
| title_full | A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to Bernard Wasserstein |
| title_fullStr | A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to Bernard Wasserstein |
| title_full_unstemmed | A small town in Ukraine the place we came from, the place we went back to Bernard Wasserstein |
| title_short | A small town in Ukraine |
| title_sort | a small town in ukraine the place we came from the place we went back to |
| title_sub | the place we came from, the place we went back to |
| topic | Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Juden Krakovets |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034314106&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034314106&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034314106&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wassersteinbernard asmalltowninukrainetheplacewecamefromtheplacewewentbackto |