Arc welding processes handbook

Arc welding processes handbook

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser: Singh, Ramesh (VerfasserIn)
Format: Elektronisch E-Book
Sprache:English
Veröffentlicht: Beverly, MA, USA Scrivener Publishing 2021
Hoboken, NJ, USA Wiley
Online-Zugang:DE-91
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Inhaltsangabe:
  • Cover
  • Half-Title Page
  • Series Page
  • Title Page
  • Copyrghit Page
  • Contents
  • List of Figures
  • List of Tables
  • Foreword
  • Preface
  • 1 Introduction to Welding Processes
  • 1.1 Synopsis
  • 1.2 Keywords
  • 1.3 Welding
  • 1.4 Defining Welding
  • 1.5 Welding and Joining Processes
  • 1.6 Arc Welding
  • 1.6.1 Carbon Arc Welding
  • 1.6.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
  • 1.6.3 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)
  • 1.6.4 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
  • 1.6.5 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
  • 1.7 Efficiency of Energy Use
  • 1.8 Welding Procedures
  • 1.9 Qualification of Welders and Operators
  • 2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
  • 2.1 Synopsis
  • 2.2 Keywords
  • 2.3 Introduction
  • 2.4 Process Fundamentals
  • 2.5 How the Process Works
  • 2.6 Power Sources
  • 2.6.1 Constant Current and Constant Voltage Power Source
  • 2.6.2 Constant Current Curve
  • 2.6.3 Constant Voltage Curve
  • 2.7 AC Power Sources
  • 2.7.1 The Alternator Type AC Welding Machines
  • 2.7.2 Movable Coil Type Control
  • 2.7.3 Movable Shunt Type Control
  • 2.7.4 Movable Core (Reactor) Type of Control
  • 2.7.5 Magnetic Amplifier Method of Current Control
  • 2.7.6 Diode
  • 2.7.7 Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)
  • 2.7.8 Transistors
  • 2.8 Direct Current Power Sources
  • 2.8.1 Generator
  • 2.8.2 Alternator
  • 2.8.3 Installation of Welding Machines
  • 2.8.4 Electrode Holders
  • 2.8.5 Arc Welding Power Source Classification by NEMA
  • 2.9 Welding Safety and Personal Protecting Equipment
  • 2.9.1 Shields and Helmets
  • 2.9.2 Optical Clarity for Welding
  • 2.9.3 Other Essential Clothing for Welders
  • 2.10 Covered Electrodes Used in SMAW Process
  • 2.10.1 Coating Types
  • 2.10.2 Portfolio of SMAW Electrode
  • 2.10.3 Identification of Welding Electrode
  • 2.10.4 Need for the Covered Electrode
  • 2.10.5 Electrode Conditioning
  • 2.11 Welding Training - Making of a Welder
  • 2.11.1 Joint Design and Preparation
  • 2.11.2 SMAW Welding of Plate
  • 2.11.3 Making of a SMAW Welder
  • 2.11.4 Inspection of the Weld
  • 2.11.5 Step 3 Practice 2
  • 2.11.6 SMAW Welding Step 4
  • 2.11.7 SMAW Welding Step 5
  • 2.11.8 Set a Next Goal to Achieve
  • 2.11.9 SMAW Welding of Pipes
  • 2.11.10 Pipe Welding Technique and Pipeline Welding
  • 2.11.11 In-Plant Piping
  • 2.11.12 Pipeline Welding
  • 2.12 Welding Other Metals
  • 2.12.1 SMAW Welding Aluminum
  • 2.12.2 Aluminum Alloys and Their Characteristics
  • 2.12.3 The Aluminum Alloy Temper and Designation System
  • 2.12.4 Wrought Alloy Designation System
  • 2.12.5 Cast Alloy Designation
  • 2.12.6 The Aluminum Temper Designation System
  • 2.12.7 SMAW Welding of Stainless Steel
  • 2.12.8 Introduction to Stainless-Steels
  • 2.12.9 Fabrication of Stainless Steel
  • 2.12.10 General Welding Characteristics
  • 2.12.11 Welding and Joining Stainless Steel
  • 2.12.12 Importance of Cleaning Before and After Welding
  • 2.12.13 Filler Metals
  • 2.12.14 Austenitic Stainless Steels
  • 2.12.15 Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steels
  • 2.12.16 Super-Austenitic Stainless Steels
  • 2.12.17 Welding and Joining of Supper-Austenitic Stainless Steels
  • 2.12.18 Martensitic Stainless Steels
  • 2.12.19 Welding Ferritic Stainless Steels
  • 2.12.20 Welding Ferritic Steel
  • 2.12.21 Precipitation Hardening (PH) Stainless Steels
  • 2.12.22 Welding Precipitation Hardened (PH) Steels
  • 2.13 Welding and Fabrication of Duplex Stainless Steels
  • 2.13.1 Mechanical Properties
  • 2.13.2 Heat Treatment
  • 2.14 SMAW Welding Nickel Alloys
  • 2.14.1 Welding of Precipitation Hardenable Nickel Alloy
  • 2.14.2 Welding of Cast Nickel Alloy
  • 2.14.3 Nickel - Chromium Alloys
  • 2.14.4 Nickel - Copper (Cupro-Nickle Alloys)
  • 2.14.5 Nickel - Iron - Chromium Alloys
  • 2.15 Minimizing Discontinuities in Nickel and Alloys Welds
  • 2.15.1 Porosity
  • 2.15.2 Weld Cracking
  • 2.15.3 Stress Corrosion Cracking
  • 2.15.4 Effect of Slag on Weld Metal
  • 2.16 Review Your Knowledge
  • 3 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
  • 3.1 Synopsis
  • 3.2 Keywords
  • 3.3 Introduction to Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process
  • 3.4 Process Description
  • 3.5 How the Process Works
  • 3.6 Process Advantages and Limitations
  • 3.7 Power Sources
  • 3.7.1 AC Power Sources
  • 3.7.2 Other Control Methods
  • 3.7.3 Diode
  • 3.7.4 Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)
  • 3.7.5 Transistors
  • 3.7.6 A Direct Current Power Source for GTAW
  • 3.7.7 The Inverter Machines
  • 3.8 Shielding Gases
  • 3.9 Gas Regulators and Flowmeters
  • 3.10 GTAW Torches, Nozzles, Collets, and Gas Lenses
  • 3.10.1 Gas Lens
  • 3.11 Tungsten Electrodes
  • 3.11.1 Grinding of Tungsten Electrode Tips
  • 3.11.2 Tungsten Grind Angles and How They Affect Weld Penetration
  • 3.12 Joint Design
  • 3.13 Power Source Remote Control
  • 3.14 Installation of Welding Machines
  • 3.15 Power Source Cooling System
  • 3.16 Welding Connections - Welding Cable and Welding Torch Connections
  • 3.17 Welding Power Source Classification by NEMA
  • 3.18 Welding Personal Protecting Equipment
  • 3.19 Other Essential Clothing for Welders
  • 3.20 Filler Wires Used in GTAW Process
  • 3.21 Classification and Identification of Welding Wires
  • ER -XX-S-X
  • 3.21.1 Designation of Aluminum Welding Wires
  • 3.21.2 Aluminum Alloys and Their Characteristics
  • 3.22 The Aluminum Alloy Temper and Designation System
  • 3.22.1 Wrought Alloy Designation System
  • 3.22.2 Cast Alloy Designation
  • 3.22.3 The Aluminum Temper Designation System
  • 3.23 Welding Metals Other Than Carbon and Alloy Steels
  • 3.24 GTAW Welding of Aluminum
  • 3.25 GTAW Welding of Stainless Steel
  • 3.25.1 Introduction to Stainless-Steels
  • 3.25.2 Fabrication of Stainless Steel
  • 3.25.3 Why Stainless Steel
  • 3.25.4 General Welding Characteristics
  • 3.25.5 Protection Against Oxidation
  • 3.25.6 Welding and Joining
  • 3.25.7 Importance of Cleaning Before and After Welding
  • 3.25.8 Filler Metals
  • 3.25.9 Austenitic Stainless Steels
  • 3.25.10 Welding Super-Austenitic Stainless Steels
  • 3.25.11 Welding Martensitic Stainless Steels Properties and Application
  • 3.25.12 Welding Martensitic Stainless Steels
  • 3.25.13 Welding Ferritic Stainless Steels
  • 3.25.14 Welding Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels
  • 3.26 Mechanical Properties
  • 3.26.1 Heat Treatment of Duplex Steels
  • 3.26.2 How to Weld Duplex Stainless Steel
  • 3.27 Welding Nickel Alloys
  • 3.27.1 Welding of Precipitation Hardenable Nickel Alloy
  • 3.27.2 Welding of Cast Nickel Alloy
  • 3.27.3 Nickel - Chromium Alloys
  • 3.27.4 Nickel - Copper (Cupro-Nickle Alloys)
  • 3.27.5 Nickel - Iron - Chromium Alloys
  • 3.27.6 Minimizing Discontinuities in Nickel and Alloys Welds
  • 3.28 Later Developments in GTAW Process
  • 3.29 Plasma Arc Welding
  • 3.30 Review Your Knowledge
  • 4 Gas Metal Arc Welding
  • 4.1 Synopsis
  • 4.2 Keywords
  • 4.3 Introduction to Gas Metal Arc Welding Process
  • 4.3.1 Developmental History of GMAW Process
  • 4.3.2 The Advantages of GMAW
  • 4.3.3 Limitations of GMAW
  • 4.4 Process Description
  • 4.4.1 Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) Process Introduction
  • 4.4.2 Gas Metal Arc Welding: Newer Variants
  • 4.5 Components of the Welding Arc
  • 4.5.1 Shielding Gases for GMAW
  • 4.5.2 Dissociation and Recombination
  • 4.5.3 Binary Shielding Gases
  • 4.5.4 Shielding Gases by Transfer Mode
  • 4.5.5 Ternary Gas Shielding Blends
  • 4.6 Effects of Variables on Welding
  • 4.6.1 Current Density
  • 4.6.2 Electrode Efficiencies
  • 4.6.3 Deposition Rate
  • 4.6.4 Electrode Extension and Contact Tip to Work Distance
  • 4.7 Advanced Welding Processes for GMAW
  • 4.8 The Adaptive Loop
  • 4.9 Advanced Waveform Control Technology
  • 4.9.1 Surface Tension Transfer™ (STT™)
  • 4.10 Equipment for GMAW Process
  • 4.11 GMAW Power Sources
  • 4.11.1 The Transformer Rectifiers
  • 4.11.2 Inverters
  • 4.12 Installation of Welding Machines
  • 4.12.1 GMAW Torches
  • 4.13 Welding Various Metals
  • 4.13.1 Carbon Steel
  • 4.13.2 Aluminum and Aluminum Welding
  • 4.13.3 Aluminum Metallurgy and Grades
  • 4.13.4 The Aluminum Alloy Temper and Designation System
  • 4.13.5 Wrought Alloy Designation System
  • 4.13.6 Cast Alloy Designation
  • 4.13.7 The Aluminum Temper Designation System
  • 4.13.8 Welding Aluminum
  • 4.13.9 Welding Stainless Steel with the Gas Metal Arc Process
  • 4.13.10 Introduction to and Understanding Stainless Steel
  • 4.13.11 Alloying Elements and Their Impact on Stainless Steel
  • 4.13.12 Weldability of Stainless Steels
  • 4.14 Welding Nickel Alloys
  • 4.14.1 Welding of Precipitation Hardenable Nickel Alloy
  • 4.14.2 Welding of Cast Nickel Alloy
  • 4.14.3 Nickel - Chromium Alloys
  • 4.14.4 Nickel - Copper (Cupro-Nickle Alloys)
  • 4.14.5 Nickel - Iron - Chromium Alloys
  • 4.15 Minimizing Discontinuities in Nickel and Alloys Welds
  • 4.15.1 Porosity
  • 4.15.2 Weld Cracking
  • 4.15.3 Stress Corrosion Cracking
  • 4.15.4 Effect of Slag on Weld Metal
  • 4.16 Calculating Heat Input in Pulsed Arc GMAW
  • 4.17 Review Your Knowledge
  • 5 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) Process
  • 5.1 Synopsis
  • 5.2 Keywords
  • 5.3 Introduction to Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) Process
  • 5.4 Process Description
  • 5.4.1 Self Shielding Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW-S) Process
  • 5.4.2 Flux Core Arc Welding (FCAW-G) Gas Shielding Process
  • 5.5 Welding Wires/Electrodes
  • 5.5.1 Construction of FCAW Electrodes
  • 5.5.2 Sheath Thickness Variations
  • 5.5.3 Important FCAW Variables
  • 5.5.4 Contact Tip to Work Distance (CTWD)
  • 5.5.5 Travel Angle
  • 5.5.6 Single Pass Limitations

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