Agricultural Policy of the United States Historic Foundations and 21st Century Issues
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
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Springer International Publishing AG
2020
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| Schriftenreihe: | Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy Ser
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Inhaltsangabe:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- About the Authors
- Abbreviations
- List of Figures
- List of Images
- List of Tables
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- References
- Chapter 2: Native American and Colonial Agriculture
- Native American Beginnings
- Native American Agriculture
- Native American Land Tenure
- Colonial Farming
- The Jamestown Settlement
- The Plymouth Colony
- Settler Land Transactions with Native Americans
- Production Practices
- Crop and Livestock Choices
- Agricultural Implements in Use
- Trading Agricultural Products of Colonial America
- Trade Flows Among the Colonies
- Overseas Trading
- The Navigation Acts
- References
- Chapter 3: Land Distribution and the Expansion of the American Landscape
- Feudal Foundations of Land Tenure
- Colonial Settlements and Land
- Post-Revolution Land Policy
- Within the Lands Controlled by the Original 13 Colonies
- Territorial Expansion
- References
- Chapter 4: Opening Up the American West
- The Homestead Act
- Passage of the Homestead Act of 1862
- Evolution of the Homestead Act and Related Public Land Legislation
- Impact of the Homestead Act on US Agriculture
- Traveling from East to West
- Available Routes Prior to the Trans-Pacific Railroad
- Launching the Competition to Join the Nation
- References
- Chapter 5: Water Access and Immigration Issues
- US Water Policy as It Applies to Agriculture
- Legal Systems for Surface Waters
- Special Waters: Groundwater and Navigable Waters
- Water Quality
- Other Water-Related Legal Issues
- Immigration Policy
- Early Immigration Policy
- Twentieth-Century Immigration Policy
- Response to Labor Shortage in US Agriculture
- References
- Chapter 6: Public Sector Institutions, Education, and Innovation
- Public Institutions
- Establishing the US Department of Agriculture
- Educational Institution-Building
- The Morrill Act
- Agricultural Education for Young People
- Corn Clubs and Successor Organizations
- The Emergence of 4-H Clubs
- National FFA Organization
- Research and Extension Programs
- The Hatch Act of 1887
- USDA Research to Benefit US Farmers
- The Smith-Lever Act of 1914
- Encouraging Innovation
- References
- Chapter 7: Infrastructure Investments
- Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Infrastructure
- Early Roads
- Early Canals
- Railroads
- Inland River Transportation
- Twentieth-Century Infrastructure
- Modern Highways
- Rural Electrification and Utilities
- Rural Water Systems
- References
- Chapter 8: Golden Age of US Agriculture
- Theodore Roosevelt's Country Life Commission
- Setting the Stage for the Commission
- The Commission's Findings
- The Golden Age of Agriculture
- McNary-Haugen Legislation
- References
- Chapter 9: Food Safety Laws
- The Progressive Campaign Against the US Meatpacking Sector
- President Roosevelt Steps In
- The Meat Inspection Act of 1906
- Other Early Food Safety Legislation
- The Food and Drug Act of 1906
- The Grain Standards Act of 1916
- Laws Addressing Agro-Terrorism Risks
- Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology
- References
- Chapter 10: Bringing Equity to Agricultural Input and Output Markets
- Laws Promoting Competition in Agricultural Markets
- Seminal Antitrust Laws
- Laws Governing Agricultural Cooperatives
- Ensuring Fair Marketing Practices
- The Federal Role in Banking and Credit for Agriculture
- Providing Credit to Farmers
- References
- Chapter 11: Coping with Twin Shocks
- The Great Depression's Impact on Agriculture in the Early Years
- Origins of the Great Depression
- US Agriculture Already in a Fragile State
- Direct Impacts of the Great Depression on US Agriculture
- The Dust Bowl Hits the Great Plains
- How Did the Dust Bowl Happen?
- Impacts of the Dust Bowl
- References
- Chapter 12: Early Federal Policy Responses
- President Hoover's Response
- The Protectionist Turn with Smoot Hawley
- New Farm Policies Established by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Agricultural Support Legislation
- The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
- Enhancements to the New Farm Safety Net
- Soil Conservation Act of 1935
- FDR Versus the Supreme Court
- United States v. Butler
- Post-Butler Court Cases
- Other Agricultural Institutions Established as Part of the New Deal
- The Legacy of Local USDA Committees
- The Rural Electrification Act
- The Civilian Conservation Corps
- References
- Chapter 13: US Policy During and After World War II
- Key Agricultural Policies Before and During World War II
- The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act
- US Agriculture During World War II
- Agricultural Policy in the Aftermath of World War II
- The Agricultural Act of 1949
- The Marshall Plan (aka European Recovery Plan)
- The Food for Peace Act
- References
- Chapter 14: Supply Control While Expanding Demand
- Post-War Agricultural Policy
- The Agricultural Act of 1956
- First Attempts at Mandatory Supply Control
- Agricultural Act of 1961
- Food and Agriculture Act of 1965
- Agricultural Policy During the 1970s
- Agricultural Act of 1970
- Repercussions of the Soviet Grain Purchases of 1972
- Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973
- Food and Agriculture Act of 1977
- References
- Chapter 15: Government Stockholding
- Agricultural Policy of the 1980s
- The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the US Grain Embargo Imposed in Response
- Agriculture and Food Act of 1981
- Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982
- Farm Financial Crisis of the Mid-1980s
- US Agricultural Exports Decline, Grain Stockpiles Reappear
- The Food Security Act of 1985
- Federal Response to 1988/1989 Drought
- Agricultural Policy of the Early 1990s
- The Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
- References
- Chapter 16: The New Global Environment: 1996-2004
- Passage of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
- Political Environment for the FAIR Act
- Key Provisions of the FAIR Act
- The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
- Policy Response to Reduced Agricultural Export Demand in the Late 1990s
- Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
- Key Provisions of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002
- Tobacco Policy
- References
- Chapter 17: Most Recent Farm Bills: 2008-2018
- The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
- Economic and Political Environment in Advance of the 2008 Farm Bill
- The Legislative Process in the 2008 Farm Bill
- Key Provisions of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
- The Agricultural Act of 2014
- The Political and Budgetary Environment
- The Formal Farm Bill Process Took More than Two Years to Complete
- Provisions of Note in the Agricultural Act of 2014
- The Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
- Political Environment for the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
- Provisions of Note in the Agriculture Improvement Act
- References
- Chapter 18: Policy Spotlight: Agricultural Trade Policy
- Early Agricultural Trade Policy
- Response to the Emergence of a Consistent Exportable Agricultural Surplus
- Modern Agricultural Trade Policy and Programs
- Modernizing US International Food Aid Policy
- Achieving Market Access Gains Through Free Trade Agreements
- CUSTA and NAFTA
- The Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture
- Bilateral and Regional Free Trade Agreements
- Combatting Unfair SPS and TBT Rules
- US Competition in Global Agricultural Markets
- References
- Chapter 19: Policy Spotlight: Conservation and Environmental Policy
- US Conservation Policy
- Land Retirement
- Minor Land Retirement Programs
- Conservation Compliance
- Working Lands Incentive Programs
- Farmland Retention/Preservation Programs
- Summary of Major Conservation Programs
- Environmental Legislation with an Impact on Agriculture
- References
- Chapter 20: Policy Spotlight: Commodity Promotion Programs
- History and Development of Commodity Promotion Programs
- The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act
- Cotton, Eggs, Dairy, Beef and Pork
- Promotion Provisions in the 1990 Farm Bill
- Legal Authority for Commodity Promotion Efforts
- Program Effectiveness
- Ongoing Issues
- Mandatory Versus Voluntary
- Static Funding Levels
- Organizational Structure and Oversight
- References
- Chapter 21: Policy Spotlight: The Federal Crop Insurance Program
- History of the Federal Crop Insurance Program
- The Federal Crop Insurance of 1980
- The Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000
- The End of "Stand-Alone" Crop Insurance Bills
- Crop Insurance in the 2014 Farm Bill
- Crop Insurance in the 2018 Farm Bill
- Distributional Impacts of the Federal Crop Insurance Program
- Additional Risk Management Programs
- Non-Insured Crop Disaster Assistance Program
- References
- Chapter 22: Policy Spotlight: Federal Biofuels Policy
- Early Use of Biofuels in the United States
- Use of Ethanol in the First Automobiles
- Modern US Biofuels Policy
- Energy Policy Act of 1978
- Clean Air Act Amendments
- The Establishment of the Renewable Fuels Standard
- Biodiesel and Non-Corn Ethanol
- Current Situation and Impacts
- References
- Chapter 23: Policy Spotlight: Domestic Nutrition Programs
- Early US Nutrition Programs
- Section 32 of the Act of August 24, 1935