My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain'
"This is a personal story of a young physicist in the Soviet Union, a country distinctly different from the Western world. Mike Gruntman worked primarily in space physics and on particle detectors and science instrumentation. He was among the early pioneers in the emerging field of imaging of s...
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute |b position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' |c Mike Gruntman |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a My fifteen years at IKI |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a My 15 years at IKI, the Space Research Institute |
| 264 | 1 | |a Rolling Hill Estates, Calif. |b Interstellar Trail Press |c 2022 | |
| 300 | |a xvi, 310 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Porträts | ||
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| 520 | 3 | |a "This is a personal story of a young physicist in the Soviet Union, a country distinctly different from the Western world. Mike Gruntman worked primarily in space physics and on particle detectors and science instrumentation. He was among the early pioneers in the emerging field of imaging of space plasmas in fluxes of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). Today, multiple space missions operate ENA imaging instruments. The events in this book unfolded during the Cold War in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the Iron Curtain stood firmly in place during the epic struggle between the dark forces of communism and the free world. Gruntman describes the life and work of a scientist in the totalitarian Soviet Union, including elite education in physics and engineering, the disfunction and ideological control of a centrally planned state, collaboration with scientists abroad, and the impact of foreign radio broadcasts. These, and other glimpses into the realities of the Soviet past, serve not only as background to the story; they also inform us about the nature of neo-Marxism, which is gaining popularity in the free world today." | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Table of Contents Preface........................................................................................ vii 1. From Fiztekh to IKI................................................................ 1 2. Department of Space Gas Dynamics...............................33 3. Blazing My Own Trail......................................................... 51 4. Per Aspera et cum Alcohol ad Astra.................................69 5. Position-Sensitive Detector: First Image and Beyond.. 85 6. Boundary Conditions..................................................... 109 7. Energetic Neutral Atoms..................................................153 8. First Steps Together........................................................ 175 9. ENA Experiment That Never Flew................................ 193 10. Neutral Atoms Reach Critical Mass............................... 211 11. Separation of Stages in Powered Ascent...................... 235 Appendix A. Neutral Atom Workshops in the 1980s................ 255 Appendix B. Brief History of ENAs..............................................267 Appendix C. Acronyms and Abbreviations................................ 281 Appendix D. Pronunciation Guide............................................ 285 Appendix E. Selected Bibliography.......................................... 289 Index............................................................................................................. 301 Supporting materials......................................................................................311
Index Numbers 8K63. See SS-4 8K64. See SS-7 8Zh38 12. SeeR-2 1979 List 87, 164, 165, 167, 171, 174, 193, 195, 203 A A-4, ballistic missile 68 Abkhazia 147, 148 academic freedom 113 Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, AXAF 169 Aeroflot ix Aeronomical Service (Service d’Aéronomie) 224 Afanasiev, Victor 101, 103, 107, 117 AFL-CIO 137 Africa 81 Agency for the Global Media, U.S. 134, 136, 143, 144, 146 AIAA 250 Ainbund, Mikhail R. 60, 87-89, 92, 95 Akademgorodok 2, 3 Akademik Sergei Korolev, ship 124, 125 Akmolinsk 140 Albania 141 ALZhIR prison camp 140 American Geophysical Union 166, 182, 212 American Military Government 144 American Physical Society 31 AMOLF. See FOM Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Andropov, Yuri V. 40, 115, 137, 190 Angarov, Vadim 39 Anger, Hal 92, 96 antisemitism 4, 89, 112 APL. See Applied Physics Laboratory Applied Physics Laboratory 99, 157,211-213, 220, 224, 225 Arctic Circle 120, 121 Arctic Ocean 122 Armenia 108, 116, 122, 123, 227, 229, 230, 238 Armenian Academy of Sciences 108 Artsakh 227-230 aspirantura 3, 4 Astana 140 ASTRID, space mission 233 avtoreferat 67, 68 Axford, Ian 180,200,201,213 Azerbaijan 227, 228, 230, 238 В Bad-Honnef 178 Baikonur Cosmodrome ix, 237 301
index Baku 227, 228 C Balebanov, Vyacheslav M. 95 Balega,Yuri 117 Baltic Way 242, 243 Banaszkiewicz, Marck 214 Barabash, Stas 231 Baranov, Vladimir B. 33-35, 40, 42, 44, 53, 123, 147, 157, 158, 172, 173, 175, 179, 197-199, 214, 215, 219, 220, 223-225, 227, 238, 239 Barcelona 133, 134 Baspik. See Gran, plant BBC. See British Broadcasting Corporation Bell Telephone Laboratories 54 Belotserkovsky, Oleg M. 30 Belyaevo, metro station 20, 21 Bendix Corporation 55, 63 Berlin 177 Berlin Wall 177 Bernstein, Bill 159 Bertaux, Jean-Loup 224 Beryoza, field position 14, 15 BESM-6 45 Bishkek 39 Błeszyński, Stanislaw 214 Blum, Peter 117, 176, 178, 221, 226 Bolshoi Zelenchuk 105 Bowyer, Stuart 96, 123 Brezhnev, Leonid I. 175, 176, 190 British Broadcasting Corporation 130, 132, 144, 145 British Communist Party 148 Broadcasting Corporation of China 136 Brookhaven National Laboratory 194, 195 BTA-6 101-105 Bujak, Zbigniew 206 Bulgaria 138, 223 Bush Derangement Syndrome 111 Bush, George W. Ill Byurakan Astronomical Observatory 108, 116, 226, 227 Bzowski, Maciej (Maciek) 214, 218, 220 CAMAC 71, 92, 93, 98 Canada 122 Cassini, space mission 233 Catalonia 133, 134 Cavendish Laboratory 8 CBK. See Space Research Center, CBK CEM. See channel electron multiplier Central Committee, CPSU 6, 7, 18, 132 Chalov, Sergei V. 157,158 Chandra X-ray Observatory 169 channel electron multiplier 55, 57, 60, 62, 63, 186 charge-coupled device, CCD 62 Chebrikov, Victor M. 132, 144, 145 Checkpoint Charlie 177 Cheng, Andy 213 Cherenkov, Pavel 155 Chemyaev, Anatoly 41, 137, 138 Chernyshev, Georgii P. 127 Chicago xii
Chief Directorate of Space Assets 23, 24 China 16, 40, 41, 48, 112, 113, 130, 136, 139, 145 Chinese Communist Party 39,41 Churchill, Winston 149-151 CIA 15, 26, 61, 130, 133 COCOM 128 Cohen, Sam 63, 64 Cold War xiii, 112, 122, 128, 129, 133, 175, 177, 219, 251 Committee for State Security, KGB 40,41, 80, 81, 109, 113, 114, 119, 127, 128, 132, 137, 147, 148, 229 Committee on Space Research. See COSPAR Communist Party of China 48 Communist Party of the Soviet Union vii, 2, 6, 7, 15, 18, 19, 34, 38, 39, 40-43, 47, 49, 78, 82, 89, 100, 129, 132, 133, 137-139, 145, 148, 149, 175, 198, 235, 239, 242 COSPAR 201, 213, 231, 232 Costa Brava 134 302
index Council of Ministers, USSR 8, 18, 19, 148 CPSU. See Communist Party of the Soviet Union CRRES, space experiment 233 Cuba 112, 139 Çulham, England 174 Curtis, Charles 182, 183 Czechoslovakia 42, 81, 138, 144 Czech Republic 145, 147 D Englischer Garten 142, 143, 145 ES-1040 45 Estonia 242, 243 ethanol 72 ethyl alcohol 72 Etkin, Valentin S. 26 European Space Agency 189 Evlanov, EvgeniiN. 36-39, 43, 73, 74, 81 F Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Research 1, Darmstadt 168 Day of Cosmonautics 127 Demchenkova. See Kozochkina (Demchenkova), Alla Democratic Party 129, 136 Department No. 4 43 Department No. 18. See Department of Space 16, 17, 29, 30 Faculty of Problems of Physics and Energetics 29, 30 Fahr, Hans 35, 49, 117, 175, 176, 178, 186, 198, 214-217, 219, 223, 226, 227 РАЮ. See Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Research Gas Dynamics Department of Space Gas Dynamics xi, xii, 4, 33-35, 38-40, 42, 43, 101, 108, 124, 157, 158, 175, 214, 223, 235, 236, 238 Farragut, David 60 Federal Republic of Germany 136, 176, 177, 179, 180, 184, 219 Feldman, William (Bill) 186 fellow traveler 41, 109, 137, 139, 243 Finland 119, 122, 223 Firmani, Claudio 103 Fiztekh. See Moscow Physical-Technical Deutsche Welle. See German Wave diffraction filter 167 Discovery, Space Shuttle 188 Dnepropetrovsk 12, 13 Dolgopa. See Dolgoprudny Dolgoprudny 8, 9, 10, 11, 31 D.Sc. degree 67, 118 Dubna 168 Duga, radar 132 Duke of Wellington 253 Dulles, Allen 133, 138 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 114 E Eastern Europe 131,216,222 École Polytechnique 6 Electron, space launcher 244 ENA imaging 53, 66, 87, 154-156, 159, 160,
162, 169, 202, 205, 209, 210, 213, 224 Energia, Rocket and Space Corporation 74 Engels, Friedrich 41 Institute Flerov, Georgii N. 168 foil, thin 64, 87, 161-164, 174, 190, 193-195, 199, 200 FOM Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics 45, 47-49, 87 France 67, 139, 142, 148, 223, 224 Frank, Ilya 155 Freedom of Information Act, FOIA 61 Frunze 39. See Bishkek G Gagarin, Yuri 127 Galeev, Aľbert A, xii, 18, 26, 27, 36 Galperin, Yuri I. 36 Gamow, George ix, 48, 49, 122 Garching 186, 223 303
index GAS-1 199, 201 GAS-2 199, 201 GAS-3 199, 201 GAS-E 199, 201 GAS experiment 65, 189, 196-203, 209, 214, 235 GAS, Ulysses 65 Gdansk 205-207, 238, 242 GDR. See German Democratic Republic Geiger, Johannes 165 Georgia 114, 141 Georgian Academy of Sciences 98, 115 GEOTAIL, space mission 233 German Democratic Republic 176, 177 German Wave 130, 132, 144, 145 Germany xiv, 16, 38, 40, 49, 64, 67, 81, 110, 113, 118, 130, 133, 135, 136, 138, 142, 143, 146, 147, 168, 175-180, 184, 200, 201, 210, 213, 217, 219, 223 Giotto, space mission 38 Gissar Range 120 Glazar, space telescope 108 Gloeckler, George 202, 203, 223 Glukhovskoi, Boris M. 101 Goebbels, Joseph 41 Goertz, Christoph 166 Goettingen 180 Goodrich, Goerge W. 54, 55 Gorbachev, Mikhail S. vii, 5, 40, 44, 49, 137, 229, 238, 243 Gorky, Maxim 42 Gom, Lev S. 87, 89, 90, 92, 98, 199 Gott, Yuri V. 54, 57, 67, 88, 193 Gran, plant 85, 88 Great Britain 50, 139, 142, 223, 253 Gringauz, Konstantin I. 36, 89, 90, 123, 126, 184, 238 Grizzard, Lewis vii, 68 Grzedzielski, Stanislaw (Stan) 117, 175, 176, 179, 182, 196, 198-200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 213-216, 218, 221, 226, 227, 231 Guenzburg 219 304 GUKOS. See Chief Directorate of Space Assets Gulag 44, 121, 140 Gvishiani, Dzhermen 148 Gvishiani-Kosygina, Lyudmila 148 Gwiazda, Andrzej 206 H Halley, comet 38, 39, 182, 197, 204 Heidelberg 38 heliopause 160, 227 heliosphere xi, 53, 156, 157, 159, 160, 172, 173, 176, 180, 182, 203, 209, 211, 215, 216, 218, 219, 223, 224, 247 Hlond, Marek 199 Holođomor 139 Hoover Institution 207 Hsieh, K.C. (Johnny) 181-183, 213, 220 Hungary 16 I IBEX. See
Interstellar Boundary Explorer IBM 45, 46 IBM System/360 45 identity politics 3, 48 IMAGE, space mission 165, 201, 209, 210, 233 IMP 7, space mission 211 IMP 8, space mission 211 Institute for Problems in Mechanics 35, 38, 158, 223, 236, 238, 239, 243 Institute of Atomic Energy 30, 67, 193, 199 Institute of Physics, U.K. xvi, 31, 49, 97, 186, 192 intercontinental ballistic missile 12, 132 intermediate-range ballistic missile 12, 13, 15 Interstellar Boundary Explorer xii, 59, 64, 65, 160, 162, 165, 167, 173, 202, 203, 209, 210, 218, 224, 225 interstellar boundary, solar system xii, 64, 65, 151, 154-157, 159-162, 165, 167, 171, 173, 196, 199-203, 205, 209, 210, 218, 224, 225
index interstellar helium 52, 53, 57-59, 62-65, 157, 161, 176, 180, 181, 186, 188, 189, 198, KH-9, Hexagon xiv, 10, 11, 14, 25, 104-106 Khazanov, Boris I. 87, 89, 90, 92, 98, 199 199, 212, 214 Interstellar Pathfinder, space mission 202, 203 Interstellar Probe, space mission 65 Ioffe, Abram F. 45 Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute. See Lenin grad Physical-Technical Institute IOP. See Institute of Physics, U.K. IPM. See Institute for Problems in Mechanics Khodarev, Yulii K. 26 Khristianovich, Sergei A. 6, 8 Khromov, Vladimir (Volodya) N. 36, 38, 42, 47, 65, 66 Khrushchev, Nikita S. 12, 40 Kiev xvi, 101 Kiruna 231 Kistemaker, Jaap (Jacob) 45, 48 Kol Israel. See Voice of Israel Korolev, Sergei P. 74 Kosygin, Aleksei N. 18, 148 Kozochkina (Demchenkova), Alla 37, 86, 101 Kraft durch Freude 118 Krivitsky, Walter 138 Kuban River 105 Kubetsky, Leonid 54 Kurt, Vladimir G. 36, 51-53, 67 Kvant, astrophysics module, Mir 108 Kyrgyzstan 39 Iran 112 ISEE 1, space mission 211, 212 Ishlinsky, Alexander Yu. 236 Israel 112, 130, 132, 144, 145 item number five, the 3, 4 Izmodenov, Vlad (Vladislav) xi, xii, 157, 158 J jamming 130-134, 142, 145 Jankowski, Henryk 206 Japan 128, 223 Jaruzelski, Wojciech 204 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 166, 188,220 Joint European Toms, JET 174 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 168 Judge, Darrell 35, 220-222, 245, 247, 249 Jupiter 196, 199, 211, 214 К kafedra of space physics 26, 29, 30 Kalinin, Aleksandr (Sasha) P. xv, 36, 37, 47, 59-62, 65, 72, 74, 86, 108, 190 Kaliningrad. See Podlipki Kaluzhskaya, metro station 20-22 Kapitsa, Petr L. 6, 8, 29, 30 Karabakh. See
Artsakh Karabakh Committee 229 Karelia 119 Katlenburg-Lindau 180, 182, 201, 213, 214 Kazakhstan 139, 140, 237, 238 Kennan, George 139 KGB. See Committee for State Security, KGB KH-4, Corona xiv, 20-22 L Lallement, Rosine 224 Lampertheim 133, 135, 136 Lampton, Mike 55, 96, 98, 99, 103, 114, 115, 123, 196 Landsat 5 Las Cmces 248 Latin America 81 Latvia 15, 242, 243 LAX, airport x, 245, 247 Lay, Guenter 219 Lažams, Alan 224 Lebedev, Mikhail 220 Leipzig 81 LENA, ENA instrument 167 Leningrad 45, 67, 87, 98, 107, 114, 116, 118, 126, 174 Leningrad Physical-Technical Institute 45, 67, 98, 174 Lenin Shipyard 206 Lenin, Vladimir I. viii, 41, 42, 110, 141, 206 305
index Leonas, Vladas B. xi, 1-4, 31, 33-38, 40, 42, 45, 47, 51, 52, 57, 63, 64, 69, 76, 86, 87, 95, 97, 98, 116, 118, 123, 127, 155-157, 159, 164, 166, 168, 173-176, 179, 190, 195, 197-199, 213, 214, 219, 220, 223-225, 236, 238 L’Humanité 148 Library of Foreign Languages 148, 149 Liechtenstein, Vitaly Kh. 193-195, 199 Ligachev, Yegor K. 132, 144, 145 light table 250 Limbaugh, Rush 243 liquid nitrogen 78, 81 LISM. See local interstellar medium (LISM) Lithuania 107, 242, 243 Local Interstellar Medium Explorer (LIME) 224 local interstellar medium (LISM) 52, 65, 157, 158, 160, 161, 165, 171, 172, 203, 219, 223, 224 Lockheed-Martin 157 Los, Joop 45, 47, 48 Lundin, Rickard 231 Luzhniki, sports arena 20 M Macek, Wiesław 214,215 Madrid 130 magnetosphere xi, 87, 99, 153-157, 159, 161, 196, 199, 210-213, 224 Malama, Yuri G. 157, 158, 173, 220 Managadze, Georgii G. 36 Mao Zedong (Tse-tung) 41 Mars-З, space mission 159 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 170, 224 MASTIF 173, 189-191 Max Planck Institute 38, 180, 181, 186, 199, 201, 223 Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy 180, 184, 185, 199-201, 213, 214 Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics 186 Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics 38 306 Max Planck Institute of Physics and Astrophys ics 186 Max Planck Society xiv Mazovia Province 206, 207 Mazovia Weekly (Tygodnik Mazowsze) 207 McComas, Dave 165, 170, 202, 203, 218 McMullin, Don 247, 248 MCP. See microchannel plate MENA, ENA instrument 165, 170 methanol 72 Mexico city 103 MFTI. See Moscow Physical-Technical Institute MGU. See Moscow State University microchannel plate
45, 47, 55-57, 62, 63, 66, 85-95, 98-101, 103, 108, 123, 162, 164, 165, 168, 190, 193, 200 Middle East 81 Military-Industrial Commission, USSR 18 Mineralnye Vody 226 Ministry of Defense, USSR 18,23,24 Ministry of General Machine Building 18, 19, 69 Ministry of Interior 76 Ministry of Middle Machine Building 89 Mir, space station 108 missile defense 115,251 Mitchell, Don 220 Mitrofanov, Alexander 168, 169 Moebius, Eberhard 202, 223, 224 Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, 1939 242 MOM. See Ministry of General Machine Building Monte Carlo technique 45, 173 Morning Star 148 Morozov, Victor (Vitya) 37, 61, 86, 164, 165, 189, 195 Morse code 131 Moscow Electronic Valve Plant 101 Moscow Helsinki Group 113 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 1. See also Moscow Physical-Techni cal Institute
index Moscow Physical-Technical Institute 1 -3, 5-12, 14-17, 26, 29, 30, 31, 37, 58, 66, 101, 149 Moscow River 10,20 Moscow State University 8, 20, 158, 172, 220 MPAe. See Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy Mukhin, Lev M. 36 Munich 136, 139, 142-147, 186, 219, 223 Munich agreement 139, 144 Murmansk 119 Murphy, Robert 139, 142 Mussolini, Benito 41 N Nagorno-Karabakh 227, 228, 230. See also Artsakh Nalchik 101 National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST 170 National Socialist German Workers’ Party, NSDAP 40 NATO 219 negative ion 162-167 Netherlands vii, 45, 48 Newton, Isaac 8 night-vision device 55, 56, 62 nitric acid 13 nitrogen tetroxide 13 Nizhnii Arkhyz 103, 105 Nobel Peace Prize 207 Nobel Prize in literature 138, 149 Nobel Prize in physics 29, 30, 113, 155 nomenklatura 2, 116, 124 North Korea 145 Novodachnaya, platform (station) 11 Novosibirsk 2, 3 Novye Cheremushki, metro station 20, 21 NTF. See nuclear track filter nuclear track filter 168, 169, 200 Nur-Sultan 140 О Oberwiesenfeld, airport 142, 144 Obraztsov, Ivan F. 30 Obrucheva, street 20, 21, 22 Odessa 124, 125, 126 Odessa Polytechnic Institute 124 Ogawa, Howard 220, 222, 245, 247 Ordzhonikidze 85, 88 Orlov, Yuri F. 40,49, 113,243 Orwell, George 44, 127, 129, 139, 204, 253 Ostrov 14, 15 P Pamir-Alay 120 Pan American x, 245 passive corpuscular diagnostics 155, 156, 174 passport viii, 3, 148 Patrice Lumumba University 81,82 People’s Republic of China 16, 40, 48, 130, 139, 145 Pervomaisk, Ukraine 13 Petrov, Georgii I. 18, 23, 33, 34, 35, 40, 67, 155, 174, 196, 213, 236 Petrukovich, Anatoly 18 Ph.D. degree xiii,
xiv, 2, 15, 27, 29, 52, 66-68, 118, 193, 239 Phobos 123, 195, 196, 197, 199 Phobos 1, space mission 196 Phobos 2, space mission 196 Physical Institute, FIAN 168, 169 Physics Institute, Vilnius 107 Pierce, John R. 54 Pioneer 10, space mission 246, 247 Plant No. 632 101 Playa de Pals, Spain 133, 135, 136 Podgomy, Igor M. 37 Podlipki ix, x, 4, 5, 74 Poland viii, 44, 48, 71, 132, 138, 200, 203, 204, 206-208, 210, 213, 214, 218-220, 223, 231 POLAR, space mission 233 Polish Academy of Sciences 175, 179, 213, 220, 232 307
index Politburo 132, 137, 144, 145, 175 Portugal 133 position-sensitive detector xii, 35, 45, 47, 49, 55, 56, 62, 63, 66, 74, 83, 87-89, 91, 93-101, 103, 108, 123, 128, 151, 162, 168, 236 Prague 81, 145, 147 Pravda 6, 7, 115, 129 Príbory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta 59, 60, 86, 89, 95, 97, 128 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory 63 Princeton University 63, 218 Profsoyuznaya, street 20-24 Prokhorov, Alexander 29, 30 Proton, space launcher 196 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 41 PTE. See Príbory і Tekhnika Eksperimenta Pulkovo, airport 114 PUMA, space instrument 38, 39, 197 R R-2 12 R-12. See SS-4 R-16. See SS-7 Radio Corporation ofAmerica 54 Radio Free Europe 130, 133, 134, 136, 142-147 Radio Korea 145 Radio Liberty 130, 132-136, 142-147 Radio Peking [Beijing] 145 Radziejowice 220 RATAN-600 103, 106, 107, 117, 226 Ratkiewicz, Romana (Roma) 218,219 Reagan, Ronald 115, 141, 210, 243, 253 Regime Department, IKI 49 Reichsarbeitsdienst, Reich Labor Service 16 Relikt-2, space mission 199, 201, 202 residence permit 3, 4 RFE. See Radio Free Europe Richter, Arne 213 ring road, Moscow 5, 10, 20, 21 RL. See Radio Liberty 308 Roelof, Edmond (Ed) 157, 211, 212, 220, 224, 225 Rolland, Romain 138 Rosenbauer, Helmut 64, 180-182, 184-189, 196, 197, 199-201, 213, 214, 226, 227, 238, 241 Rubel, Marek 218 Rucinski, Daniel 214, 215 Ruderman, Mikhail (Misha) S. 157, 158, 172 Rutherford, Ernest 6, 8, 30, 165 S Saddler. See SS-7 Sagdeev, Roald Z. З, 4, 17, 18, 27-31, 33, 35, 38, 67, 82, 127, 175, 179, 181, 196-198, 200, 201, 210, 235-237, 239, 242 Saint Petersburg. See Leningrad Sakharov, Andrei 239, 240, 242
Sandal. See SS-4 SAO. See Special Astrophysical Observatory Saturn 196, 199, 211 Schattenburg, Mark 170 Schiphol, airport vii, ix, x, 245 Schriever, Bernard 111, 112 Science magazine xii, 65, 173 secondary electron multiplier 53, 54, 57, 58, 62, 88, 161 secondary ion mass spectrometry 173, 189, 190 Secret Department, IKI 49 SEM. See secondary electron multiplier Serock 231, 232 Shapiro, Vitalii D. 26 Sheremetyevo, airport vii, 176, 195 Shusha 227, 229 Siberia 121, 205 Sibling. See SS-2 SNIIP 87-90, 95, 97, 98, 199 Snow, Charles P. Ill Solidarity, trade union 48, 132, 204-207, 208 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 40, 44, 204 South America 251
index Space Astrophysics Group 96, 98, 123 Space Gas Dynamics Conference 178, 212, 221, 223, 224, 230 Spacelab, Space Shuttle 98 Space Research Center, CBK 44, 117, 175, 176, 179, 196, 198-200, 203, 204, 207, 213-215, 218, 219, 232 Space Sciences Center, USC 245-248 Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley 95, 98, 99 Space Shuttle 98, 115, 188 Spain 130, 133-136, 148 Special Astrophysical Observatory 101-103, 107, 108, 116, 117, 226 SS-2 12 SS-4 12-16 SS-7 12 Stalin, Joseph (iosif) V. 8, 41, 110, 138, 141, 168 Stasi, Ministry for State Security, GDR 49 St. Bridget’s Church 206 steklyashka (glassy house) 21,22,23 Stepanakert 227, 228 Stevens Institute of Technology 166 Stockholm 16 Strategic Rocket Forces, USSR 12-15 Sumgait 227-230 Sunyaev, Rashid A. 36, 123 surface conversion 165-167 Sweden 128 Swedish Institute of Space Physics 231 Swedish Military Museum 16 Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility 170 T Taiwan 135, 136 Tajikistan 120 Tamm, Igor E. 155 Tbilisi 98, 114, 115, 141 tenure 26, 113 termination shock 160 Three Crosses (Trzy Krzyży), monument 206 Tirana 141 Tolstoi, Ivan 145, 147 Troitsk 30 Trump, Donald J. Ill TRW Systems 159 Tucson 181-183 tunneling transition viii, ix, x, 221, 245 Turkey 122, 230 TWINS, space mission 165, 170, 209, 210, 233 Tygodnik Mazowsze. See Mazowia Weekly Tyuratam Missile Test Range ix, 237 u Ukraine 12, 13, 124, 139 Ulysses, space mission 59, 65, 188, 189, 196, 199, 214, 233 Umansky, Sergei V. 37, 38, 74, 79 Universita 17. listopadu 81 University of Arizona 166, 181, 183, 213, 220 University of Bem 167 University of Bonn 35, 117, 175, 176,
178, 186, 213-215, 219, 221 University of California, Berkeley 95, 99 University of Cambridge 8, 111 University of Southern California xi, 35, 157, 159, 166, 170, 171, 182, 189, 220, 222, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251, 252 USAGM. See Agency for the Global Media, U.S. U.S. Congress 138 U.S. Senate 133, 139 V V-2, ballistic missile 68 Vaisberg, Oleg L. 36, 89, 90, 124, 126, 159 Van Allen, Jim 166 Vandenberg Air Force Base 209 Van’yan, Leonid L. 29, 31 Vasyukov, Sergei 43 Vega 1, space mission 204 Vega, space mission 38, 39, 182 Velikhov, Evgeny M. 30 VEU-1 54, 88 309
index VEU-6 57, 59, 60, 86, 88 Zolotukhin, Valerii G. 26 VEU-7 88, 100 ZOMO 206, 207 Vilnius 107 Zubkov, Boris (Borya) 37-39, 74, 81, 82, 236 Vladikavkaz 85 Zworykin, Zworykin 54 VNII Elektron 87-89, 95, 97 VNIIT 107, 108 VOA. See Voice of America Voice of America 130, 132, 136, 144, 145 Voice of Israel 130, 132, 144, 145 Volga River 10, 119 Voss, Hank 64, 157 Voyager (1 and 2), space missions 160, 211, 224 Vremya, TV newscast program 137, 142 w Walesa, Lech 205, 206, 207 Warsaw viii, 44, 48, 117, 175, 176, 179, 182, 196, 198-200, 203-208, 213-215, 218, 220, 231, 232 wedge-and-strip collector 95, 96, 97, 98 Werner, Otto 165 White Sands Missile Range 247, 248 Wiley, William C. 54, 55 Williams, Don 213 World Federation of Trade Unions 13 8 World Peace Council 138 World War II 6, 68, 139, 142, 144, 168, 205 Wurz, Peter 167 Y Yang Liwei, taikonaut 43 Yasmann, Victor 145, 147 Yeltsin, Boris N. 39 Yerevan 227, 229, 230 Yuzhnoe Design Bureau 12, 13 z Zakopane 218, 219 Zelenchukskaya 103, 105, 107 Zelenyi, Lev M. xiii, 18, 27, 119 Ziemkiewicz, Joanna 219 Zodiak, space experiment 219 310
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Table of Contents Preface. vii 1. From Fiztekh to IKI. 1 2. Department of Space Gas Dynamics.33 3. Blazing My Own Trail. 51 4. Per Aspera et cum Alcohol ad Astra.69 5. Position-Sensitive Detector: First Image and Beyond. 85 6. Boundary Conditions. 109 7. Energetic Neutral Atoms.153 8. First Steps Together. 175 9. ENA Experiment That Never Flew. 193 10. Neutral Atoms Reach Critical Mass. 211 11. Separation of Stages in Powered Ascent. 235 Appendix A. Neutral Atom Workshops in the 1980s. 255 Appendix B. Brief History of ENAs.267 Appendix C. Acronyms and Abbreviations. 281 Appendix D. Pronunciation Guide. 285 Appendix E. Selected Bibliography. 289 Index. 301 Supporting materials.311
Index Numbers 8K63. See SS-4 8K64. See SS-7 8Zh38 12. SeeR-2 1979 List 87, 164, 165, 167, 171, 174, 193, 195, 203 A A-4, ballistic missile 68 Abkhazia 147, 148 academic freedom 113 Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility, AXAF 169 Aeroflot ix Aeronomical Service (Service d’Aéronomie) 224 Afanasiev, Victor 101, 103, 107, 117 AFL-CIO 137 Africa 81 Agency for the Global Media, U.S. 134, 136, 143, 144, 146 AIAA 250 Ainbund, Mikhail R. 60, 87-89, 92, 95 Akademgorodok 2, 3 Akademik Sergei Korolev, ship 124, 125 Akmolinsk 140 Albania 141 ALZhIR prison camp 140 American Geophysical Union 166, 182, 212 American Military Government 144 American Physical Society 31 AMOLF. See FOM Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Andropov, Yuri V. 40, 115, 137, 190 Angarov, Vadim 39 Anger, Hal 92, 96 antisemitism 4, 89, 112 APL. See Applied Physics Laboratory Applied Physics Laboratory 99, 157,211-213, 220, 224, 225 Arctic Circle 120, 121 Arctic Ocean 122 Armenia 108, 116, 122, 123, 227, 229, 230, 238 Armenian Academy of Sciences 108 Artsakh 227-230 aspirantura 3, 4 Astana 140 ASTRID, space mission 233 avtoreferat 67, 68 Axford, Ian 180,200,201,213 Azerbaijan 227, 228, 230, 238 В Bad-Honnef 178 Baikonur Cosmodrome ix, 237 301
index Baku 227, 228 C Balebanov, Vyacheslav M. 95 Balega,Yuri 117 Baltic Way 242, 243 Banaszkiewicz, Marck 214 Barabash, Stas 231 Baranov, Vladimir B. 33-35, 40, 42, 44, 53, 123, 147, 157, 158, 172, 173, 175, 179, 197-199, 214, 215, 219, 220, 223-225, 227, 238, 239 Barcelona 133, 134 Baspik. See Gran, plant BBC. See British Broadcasting Corporation Bell Telephone Laboratories 54 Belotserkovsky, Oleg M. 30 Belyaevo, metro station 20, 21 Bendix Corporation 55, 63 Berlin 177 Berlin Wall 177 Bernstein, Bill 159 Bertaux, Jean-Loup 224 Beryoza, field position 14, 15 BESM-6 45 Bishkek 39 Błeszyński, Stanislaw 214 Blum, Peter 117, 176, 178, 221, 226 Bolshoi Zelenchuk 105 Bowyer, Stuart 96, 123 Brezhnev, Leonid I. 175, 176, 190 British Broadcasting Corporation 130, 132, 144, 145 British Communist Party 148 Broadcasting Corporation of China 136 Brookhaven National Laboratory 194, 195 BTA-6 101-105 Bujak, Zbigniew 206 Bulgaria 138, 223 Bush Derangement Syndrome 111 Bush, George W. Ill Byurakan Astronomical Observatory 108, 116, 226, 227 Bzowski, Maciej (Maciek) 214, 218, 220 CAMAC 71, 92, 93, 98 Canada 122 Cassini, space mission 233 Catalonia 133, 134 Cavendish Laboratory 8 CBK. See Space Research Center, CBK CEM. See channel electron multiplier Central Committee, CPSU 6, 7, 18, 132 Chalov, Sergei V. 157,158 Chandra X-ray Observatory 169 channel electron multiplier 55, 57, 60, 62, 63, 186 charge-coupled device, CCD 62 Chebrikov, Victor M. 132, 144, 145 Checkpoint Charlie 177 Cheng, Andy 213 Cherenkov, Pavel 155 Chemyaev, Anatoly 41, 137, 138 Chernyshev, Georgii P. 127 Chicago xii
Chief Directorate of Space Assets 23, 24 China 16, 40, 41, 48, 112, 113, 130, 136, 139, 145 Chinese Communist Party 39,41 Churchill, Winston 149-151 CIA 15, 26, 61, 130, 133 COCOM 128 Cohen, Sam 63, 64 Cold War xiii, 112, 122, 128, 129, 133, 175, 177, 219, 251 Committee for State Security, KGB 40,41, 80, 81, 109, 113, 114, 119, 127, 128, 132, 137, 147, 148, 229 Committee on Space Research. See COSPAR Communist Party of China 48 Communist Party of the Soviet Union vii, 2, 6, 7, 15, 18, 19, 34, 38, 39, 40-43, 47, 49, 78, 82, 89, 100, 129, 132, 133, 137-139, 145, 148, 149, 175, 198, 235, 239, 242 COSPAR 201, 213, 231, 232 Costa Brava 134 302
index Council of Ministers, USSR 8, 18, 19, 148 CPSU. See Communist Party of the Soviet Union CRRES, space experiment 233 Cuba 112, 139 Çulham, England 174 Curtis, Charles 182, 183 Czechoslovakia 42, 81, 138, 144 Czech Republic 145, 147 D Englischer Garten 142, 143, 145 ES-1040 45 Estonia 242, 243 ethanol 72 ethyl alcohol 72 Etkin, Valentin S. 26 European Space Agency 189 Evlanov, EvgeniiN. 36-39, 43, 73, 74, 81 F Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Research 1, Darmstadt 168 Day of Cosmonautics 127 Demchenkova. See Kozochkina (Demchenkova), Alla Democratic Party 129, 136 Department No. 4 43 Department No. 18. See Department of Space 16, 17, 29, 30 Faculty of Problems of Physics and Energetics 29, 30 Fahr, Hans 35, 49, 117, 175, 176, 178, 186, 198, 214-217, 219, 223, 226, 227 РАЮ. See Faculty of Aerophysics and Space Research Gas Dynamics Department of Space Gas Dynamics xi, xii, 4, 33-35, 38-40, 42, 43, 101, 108, 124, 157, 158, 175, 214, 223, 235, 236, 238 Farragut, David 60 Federal Republic of Germany 136, 176, 177, 179, 180, 184, 219 Feldman, William (Bill) 186 fellow traveler 41, 109, 137, 139, 243 Finland 119, 122, 223 Firmani, Claudio 103 Fiztekh. See Moscow Physical-Technical Deutsche Welle. See German Wave diffraction filter 167 Discovery, Space Shuttle 188 Dnepropetrovsk 12, 13 Dolgopa. See Dolgoprudny Dolgoprudny 8, 9, 10, 11, 31 D.Sc. degree 67, 118 Dubna 168 Duga, radar 132 Duke of Wellington 253 Dulles, Allen 133, 138 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 114 E Eastern Europe 131,216,222 École Polytechnique 6 Electron, space launcher 244 ENA imaging 53, 66, 87, 154-156, 159, 160,
162, 169, 202, 205, 209, 210, 213, 224 Energia, Rocket and Space Corporation 74 Engels, Friedrich 41 Institute Flerov, Georgii N. 168 foil, thin 64, 87, 161-164, 174, 190, 193-195, 199, 200 FOM Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics 45, 47-49, 87 France 67, 139, 142, 148, 223, 224 Frank, Ilya 155 Freedom of Information Act, FOIA 61 Frunze 39. See Bishkek G Gagarin, Yuri 127 Galeev, Aľbert A, xii, 18, 26, 27, 36 Galperin, Yuri I. 36 Gamow, George ix, 48, 49, 122 Garching 186, 223 303
index GAS-1 199, 201 GAS-2 199, 201 GAS-3 199, 201 GAS-E 199, 201 GAS experiment 65, 189, 196-203, 209, 214, 235 GAS, Ulysses 65 Gdansk 205-207, 238, 242 GDR. See German Democratic Republic Geiger, Johannes 165 Georgia 114, 141 Georgian Academy of Sciences 98, 115 GEOTAIL, space mission 233 German Democratic Republic 176, 177 German Wave 130, 132, 144, 145 Germany xiv, 16, 38, 40, 49, 64, 67, 81, 110, 113, 118, 130, 133, 135, 136, 138, 142, 143, 146, 147, 168, 175-180, 184, 200, 201, 210, 213, 217, 219, 223 Giotto, space mission 38 Gissar Range 120 Glazar, space telescope 108 Gloeckler, George 202, 203, 223 Glukhovskoi, Boris M. 101 Goebbels, Joseph 41 Goertz, Christoph 166 Goettingen 180 Goodrich, Goerge W. 54, 55 Gorbachev, Mikhail S. vii, 5, 40, 44, 49, 137, 229, 238, 243 Gorky, Maxim 42 Gom, Lev S. 87, 89, 90, 92, 98, 199 Gott, Yuri V. 54, 57, 67, 88, 193 Gran, plant 85, 88 Great Britain 50, 139, 142, 223, 253 Gringauz, Konstantin I. 36, 89, 90, 123, 126, 184, 238 Grizzard, Lewis vii, 68 Grzedzielski, Stanislaw (Stan) 117, 175, 176, 179, 182, 196, 198-200, 203, 204, 207, 210, 213-216, 218, 221, 226, 227, 231 Guenzburg 219 304 GUKOS. See Chief Directorate of Space Assets Gulag 44, 121, 140 Gvishiani, Dzhermen 148 Gvishiani-Kosygina, Lyudmila 148 Gwiazda, Andrzej 206 H Halley, comet 38, 39, 182, 197, 204 Heidelberg 38 heliopause 160, 227 heliosphere xi, 53, 156, 157, 159, 160, 172, 173, 176, 180, 182, 203, 209, 211, 215, 216, 218, 219, 223, 224, 247 Hlond, Marek 199 Holođomor 139 Hoover Institution 207 Hsieh, K.C. (Johnny) 181-183, 213, 220 Hungary 16 I IBEX. See
Interstellar Boundary Explorer IBM 45, 46 IBM System/360 45 identity politics 3, 48 IMAGE, space mission 165, 201, 209, 210, 233 IMP 7, space mission 211 IMP 8, space mission 211 Institute for Problems in Mechanics 35, 38, 158, 223, 236, 238, 239, 243 Institute of Atomic Energy 30, 67, 193, 199 Institute of Physics, U.K. xvi, 31, 49, 97, 186, 192 intercontinental ballistic missile 12, 132 intermediate-range ballistic missile 12, 13, 15 Interstellar Boundary Explorer xii, 59, 64, 65, 160, 162, 165, 167, 173, 202, 203, 209, 210, 218, 224, 225 interstellar boundary, solar system xii, 64, 65, 151, 154-157, 159-162, 165, 167, 171, 173, 196, 199-203, 205, 209, 210, 218, 224, 225
index interstellar helium 52, 53, 57-59, 62-65, 157, 161, 176, 180, 181, 186, 188, 189, 198, KH-9, Hexagon xiv, 10, 11, 14, 25, 104-106 Khazanov, Boris I. 87, 89, 90, 92, 98, 199 199, 212, 214 Interstellar Pathfinder, space mission 202, 203 Interstellar Probe, space mission 65 Ioffe, Abram F. 45 Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute. See Lenin grad Physical-Technical Institute IOP. See Institute of Physics, U.K. IPM. See Institute for Problems in Mechanics Khodarev, Yulii K. 26 Khristianovich, Sergei A. 6, 8 Khromov, Vladimir (Volodya) N. 36, 38, 42, 47, 65, 66 Khrushchev, Nikita S. 12, 40 Kiev xvi, 101 Kiruna 231 Kistemaker, Jaap (Jacob) 45, 48 Kol Israel. See Voice of Israel Korolev, Sergei P. 74 Kosygin, Aleksei N. 18, 148 Kozochkina (Demchenkova), Alla 37, 86, 101 Kraft durch Freude 118 Krivitsky, Walter 138 Kuban River 105 Kubetsky, Leonid 54 Kurt, Vladimir G. 36, 51-53, 67 Kvant, astrophysics module, Mir 108 Kyrgyzstan 39 Iran 112 ISEE 1, space mission 211, 212 Ishlinsky, Alexander Yu. 236 Israel 112, 130, 132, 144, 145 item number five, the 3, 4 Izmodenov, Vlad (Vladislav) xi, xii, 157, 158 J jamming 130-134, 142, 145 Jankowski, Henryk 206 Japan 128, 223 Jaruzelski, Wojciech 204 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 166, 188,220 Joint European Toms, JET 174 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 168 Judge, Darrell 35, 220-222, 245, 247, 249 Jupiter 196, 199, 211, 214 К kafedra of space physics 26, 29, 30 Kalinin, Aleksandr (Sasha) P. xv, 36, 37, 47, 59-62, 65, 72, 74, 86, 108, 190 Kaliningrad. See Podlipki Kaluzhskaya, metro station 20-22 Kapitsa, Petr L. 6, 8, 29, 30 Karabakh. See
Artsakh Karabakh Committee 229 Karelia 119 Katlenburg-Lindau 180, 182, 201, 213, 214 Kazakhstan 139, 140, 237, 238 Kennan, George 139 KGB. See Committee for State Security, KGB KH-4, Corona xiv, 20-22 L Lallement, Rosine 224 Lampertheim 133, 135, 136 Lampton, Mike 55, 96, 98, 99, 103, 114, 115, 123, 196 Landsat 5 Las Cmces 248 Latin America 81 Latvia 15, 242, 243 LAX, airport x, 245, 247 Lay, Guenter 219 Lažams, Alan 224 Lebedev, Mikhail 220 Leipzig 81 LENA, ENA instrument 167 Leningrad 45, 67, 87, 98, 107, 114, 116, 118, 126, 174 Leningrad Physical-Technical Institute 45, 67, 98, 174 Lenin Shipyard 206 Lenin, Vladimir I. viii, 41, 42, 110, 141, 206 305
index Leonas, Vladas B. xi, 1-4, 31, 33-38, 40, 42, 45, 47, 51, 52, 57, 63, 64, 69, 76, 86, 87, 95, 97, 98, 116, 118, 123, 127, 155-157, 159, 164, 166, 168, 173-176, 179, 190, 195, 197-199, 213, 214, 219, 220, 223-225, 236, 238 L’Humanité 148 Library of Foreign Languages 148, 149 Liechtenstein, Vitaly Kh. 193-195, 199 Ligachev, Yegor K. 132, 144, 145 light table 250 Limbaugh, Rush 243 liquid nitrogen 78, 81 LISM. See local interstellar medium (LISM) Lithuania 107, 242, 243 Local Interstellar Medium Explorer (LIME) 224 local interstellar medium (LISM) 52, 65, 157, 158, 160, 161, 165, 171, 172, 203, 219, 223, 224 Lockheed-Martin 157 Los, Joop 45, 47, 48 Lundin, Rickard 231 Luzhniki, sports arena 20 M Macek, Wiesław 214,215 Madrid 130 magnetosphere xi, 87, 99, 153-157, 159, 161, 196, 199, 210-213, 224 Malama, Yuri G. 157, 158, 173, 220 Managadze, Georgii G. 36 Mao Zedong (Tse-tung) 41 Mars-З, space mission 159 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 170, 224 MASTIF 173, 189-191 Max Planck Institute 38, 180, 181, 186, 199, 201, 223 Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy 180, 184, 185, 199-201, 213, 214 Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics 186 Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics 38 306 Max Planck Institute of Physics and Astrophys ics 186 Max Planck Society xiv Mazovia Province 206, 207 Mazovia Weekly (Tygodnik Mazowsze) 207 McComas, Dave 165, 170, 202, 203, 218 McMullin, Don 247, 248 MCP. See microchannel plate MENA, ENA instrument 165, 170 methanol 72 Mexico city 103 MFTI. See Moscow Physical-Technical Institute MGU. See Moscow State University microchannel plate
45, 47, 55-57, 62, 63, 66, 85-95, 98-101, 103, 108, 123, 162, 164, 165, 168, 190, 193, 200 Middle East 81 Military-Industrial Commission, USSR 18 Mineralnye Vody 226 Ministry of Defense, USSR 18,23,24 Ministry of General Machine Building 18, 19, 69 Ministry of Interior 76 Ministry of Middle Machine Building 89 Mir, space station 108 missile defense 115,251 Mitchell, Don 220 Mitrofanov, Alexander 168, 169 Moebius, Eberhard 202, 223, 224 Molotov-Ribbentrop pact, 1939 242 MOM. See Ministry of General Machine Building Monte Carlo technique 45, 173 Morning Star 148 Morozov, Victor (Vitya) 37, 61, 86, 164, 165, 189, 195 Morse code 131 Moscow Electronic Valve Plant 101 Moscow Helsinki Group 113 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology 1. See also Moscow Physical-Techni cal Institute
index Moscow Physical-Technical Institute 1 -3, 5-12, 14-17, 26, 29, 30, 31, 37, 58, 66, 101, 149 Moscow River 10,20 Moscow State University 8, 20, 158, 172, 220 MPAe. See Max Planck Institute for Aeronomy Mukhin, Lev M. 36 Munich 136, 139, 142-147, 186, 219, 223 Munich agreement 139, 144 Murmansk 119 Murphy, Robert 139, 142 Mussolini, Benito 41 N Nagorno-Karabakh 227, 228, 230. See also Artsakh Nalchik 101 National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST 170 National Socialist German Workers’ Party, NSDAP 40 NATO 219 negative ion 162-167 Netherlands vii, 45, 48 Newton, Isaac 8 night-vision device 55, 56, 62 nitric acid 13 nitrogen tetroxide 13 Nizhnii Arkhyz 103, 105 Nobel Peace Prize 207 Nobel Prize in literature 138, 149 Nobel Prize in physics 29, 30, 113, 155 nomenklatura 2, 116, 124 North Korea 145 Novodachnaya, platform (station) 11 Novosibirsk 2, 3 Novye Cheremushki, metro station 20, 21 NTF. See nuclear track filter nuclear track filter 168, 169, 200 Nur-Sultan 140 О Oberwiesenfeld, airport 142, 144 Obraztsov, Ivan F. 30 Obrucheva, street 20, 21, 22 Odessa 124, 125, 126 Odessa Polytechnic Institute 124 Ogawa, Howard 220, 222, 245, 247 Ordzhonikidze 85, 88 Orlov, Yuri F. 40,49, 113,243 Orwell, George 44, 127, 129, 139, 204, 253 Ostrov 14, 15 P Pamir-Alay 120 Pan American x, 245 passive corpuscular diagnostics 155, 156, 174 passport viii, 3, 148 Patrice Lumumba University 81,82 People’s Republic of China 16, 40, 48, 130, 139, 145 Pervomaisk, Ukraine 13 Petrov, Georgii I. 18, 23, 33, 34, 35, 40, 67, 155, 174, 196, 213, 236 Petrukovich, Anatoly 18 Ph.D. degree xiii,
xiv, 2, 15, 27, 29, 52, 66-68, 118, 193, 239 Phobos 123, 195, 196, 197, 199 Phobos 1, space mission 196 Phobos 2, space mission 196 Physical Institute, FIAN 168, 169 Physics Institute, Vilnius 107 Pierce, John R. 54 Pioneer 10, space mission 246, 247 Plant No. 632 101 Playa de Pals, Spain 133, 135, 136 Podgomy, Igor M. 37 Podlipki ix, x, 4, 5, 74 Poland viii, 44, 48, 71, 132, 138, 200, 203, 204, 206-208, 210, 213, 214, 218-220, 223, 231 POLAR, space mission 233 Polish Academy of Sciences 175, 179, 213, 220, 232 307
index Politburo 132, 137, 144, 145, 175 Portugal 133 position-sensitive detector xii, 35, 45, 47, 49, 55, 56, 62, 63, 66, 74, 83, 87-89, 91, 93-101, 103, 108, 123, 128, 151, 162, 168, 236 Prague 81, 145, 147 Pravda 6, 7, 115, 129 Príbory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta 59, 60, 86, 89, 95, 97, 128 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory 63 Princeton University 63, 218 Profsoyuznaya, street 20-24 Prokhorov, Alexander 29, 30 Proton, space launcher 196 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph 41 PTE. See Príbory і Tekhnika Eksperimenta Pulkovo, airport 114 PUMA, space instrument 38, 39, 197 R R-2 12 R-12. See SS-4 R-16. See SS-7 Radio Corporation ofAmerica 54 Radio Free Europe 130, 133, 134, 136, 142-147 Radio Korea 145 Radio Liberty 130, 132-136, 142-147 Radio Peking [Beijing] 145 Radziejowice 220 RATAN-600 103, 106, 107, 117, 226 Ratkiewicz, Romana (Roma) 218,219 Reagan, Ronald 115, 141, 210, 243, 253 Regime Department, IKI 49 Reichsarbeitsdienst, Reich Labor Service 16 Relikt-2, space mission 199, 201, 202 residence permit 3, 4 RFE. See Radio Free Europe Richter, Arne 213 ring road, Moscow 5, 10, 20, 21 RL. See Radio Liberty 308 Roelof, Edmond (Ed) 157, 211, 212, 220, 224, 225 Rolland, Romain 138 Rosenbauer, Helmut 64, 180-182, 184-189, 196, 197, 199-201, 213, 214, 226, 227, 238, 241 Rubel, Marek 218 Rucinski, Daniel 214, 215 Ruderman, Mikhail (Misha) S. 157, 158, 172 Rutherford, Ernest 6, 8, 30, 165 S Saddler. See SS-7 Sagdeev, Roald Z. З, 4, 17, 18, 27-31, 33, 35, 38, 67, 82, 127, 175, 179, 181, 196-198, 200, 201, 210, 235-237, 239, 242 Saint Petersburg. See Leningrad Sakharov, Andrei 239, 240, 242
Sandal. See SS-4 SAO. See Special Astrophysical Observatory Saturn 196, 199, 211 Schattenburg, Mark 170 Schiphol, airport vii, ix, x, 245 Schriever, Bernard 111, 112 Science magazine xii, 65, 173 secondary electron multiplier 53, 54, 57, 58, 62, 88, 161 secondary ion mass spectrometry 173, 189, 190 Secret Department, IKI 49 SEM. See secondary electron multiplier Serock 231, 232 Shapiro, Vitalii D. 26 Sheremetyevo, airport vii, 176, 195 Shusha 227, 229 Siberia 121, 205 Sibling. See SS-2 SNIIP 87-90, 95, 97, 98, 199 Snow, Charles P. Ill Solidarity, trade union 48, 132, 204-207, 208 Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 40, 44, 204 South America 251
index Space Astrophysics Group 96, 98, 123 Space Gas Dynamics Conference 178, 212, 221, 223, 224, 230 Spacelab, Space Shuttle 98 Space Research Center, CBK 44, 117, 175, 176, 179, 196, 198-200, 203, 204, 207, 213-215, 218, 219, 232 Space Sciences Center, USC 245-248 Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley 95, 98, 99 Space Shuttle 98, 115, 188 Spain 130, 133-136, 148 Special Astrophysical Observatory 101-103, 107, 108, 116, 117, 226 SS-2 12 SS-4 12-16 SS-7 12 Stalin, Joseph (iosif) V. 8, 41, 110, 138, 141, 168 Stasi, Ministry for State Security, GDR 49 St. Bridget’s Church 206 steklyashka (glassy house) 21,22,23 Stepanakert 227, 228 Stevens Institute of Technology 166 Stockholm 16 Strategic Rocket Forces, USSR 12-15 Sumgait 227-230 Sunyaev, Rashid A. 36, 123 surface conversion 165-167 Sweden 128 Swedish Institute of Space Physics 231 Swedish Military Museum 16 Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility 170 T Taiwan 135, 136 Tajikistan 120 Tamm, Igor E. 155 Tbilisi 98, 114, 115, 141 tenure 26, 113 termination shock 160 Three Crosses (Trzy Krzyży), monument 206 Tirana 141 Tolstoi, Ivan 145, 147 Troitsk 30 Trump, Donald J. Ill TRW Systems 159 Tucson 181-183 tunneling transition viii, ix, x, 221, 245 Turkey 122, 230 TWINS, space mission 165, 170, 209, 210, 233 Tygodnik Mazowsze. See Mazowia Weekly Tyuratam Missile Test Range ix, 237 u Ukraine 12, 13, 124, 139 Ulysses, space mission 59, 65, 188, 189, 196, 199, 214, 233 Umansky, Sergei V. 37, 38, 74, 79 Universita 17. listopadu 81 University of Arizona 166, 181, 183, 213, 220 University of Bem 167 University of Bonn 35, 117, 175, 176,
178, 186, 213-215, 219, 221 University of California, Berkeley 95, 99 University of Cambridge 8, 111 University of Southern California xi, 35, 157, 159, 166, 170, 171, 182, 189, 220, 222, 245, 246, 248, 249, 251, 252 USAGM. See Agency for the Global Media, U.S. U.S. Congress 138 U.S. Senate 133, 139 V V-2, ballistic missile 68 Vaisberg, Oleg L. 36, 89, 90, 124, 126, 159 Van Allen, Jim 166 Vandenberg Air Force Base 209 Van’yan, Leonid L. 29, 31 Vasyukov, Sergei 43 Vega 1, space mission 204 Vega, space mission 38, 39, 182 Velikhov, Evgeny M. 30 VEU-1 54, 88 309
index VEU-6 57, 59, 60, 86, 88 Zolotukhin, Valerii G. 26 VEU-7 88, 100 ZOMO 206, 207 Vilnius 107 Zubkov, Boris (Borya) 37-39, 74, 81, 82, 236 Vladikavkaz 85 Zworykin, Zworykin 54 VNII Elektron 87-89, 95, 97 VNIIT 107, 108 VOA. See Voice of America Voice of America 130, 132, 136, 144, 145 Voice of Israel 130, 132, 144, 145 Volga River 10, 119 Voss, Hank 64, 157 Voyager (1 and 2), space missions 160, 211, 224 Vremya, TV newscast program 137, 142 w Walesa, Lech 205, 206, 207 Warsaw viii, 44, 48, 117, 175, 176, 179, 182, 196, 198-200, 203-208, 213-215, 218, 220, 231, 232 wedge-and-strip collector 95, 96, 97, 98 Werner, Otto 165 White Sands Missile Range 247, 248 Wiley, William C. 54, 55 Williams, Don 213 World Federation of Trade Unions 13 8 World Peace Council 138 World War II 6, 68, 139, 142, 144, 168, 205 Wurz, Peter 167 Y Yang Liwei, taikonaut 43 Yasmann, Victor 145, 147 Yeltsin, Boris N. 39 Yerevan 227, 229, 230 Yuzhnoe Design Bureau 12, 13 z Zakopane 218, 219 Zelenchukskaya 103, 105, 107 Zelenyi, Lev M. xiii, 18, 27, 119 Ziemkiewicz, Joanna 219 Zodiak, space experiment 219 310 |
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| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03148nam a2200481 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047847706</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220404 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220222s2022 ac|| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9798985668704</subfield><subfield code="9">979-8-9856687-0-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1310251629</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047847706</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Gruntman, Mike</subfield><subfield code="d">1954-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1100566899</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute</subfield><subfield code="b">position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain'</subfield><subfield code="c">Mike Gruntman</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">My fifteen years at IKI</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">My 15 years at IKI, the Space Research Institute</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Rolling Hill Estates, Calif.</subfield><subfield code="b">Interstellar Trail Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xvi, 310 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Porträts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"This is a personal story of a young physicist in the Soviet Union, a country distinctly different from the Western world. Mike Gruntman worked primarily in space physics and on particle detectors and science instrumentation. He was among the early pioneers in the emerging field of imaging of space plasmas in fluxes of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). Today, multiple space missions operate ENA imaging instruments. The events in this book unfolded during the Cold War in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the Iron Curtain stood firmly in place during the epic struggle between the dark forces of communism and the free world. Gruntman describes the life and work of a scientist in the totalitarian Soviet Union, including elite education in physics and engineering, the disfunction and ideological control of a centrally planned state, collaboration with scientists abroad, and the impact of foreign radio broadcasts. 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| genre | (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Erlebnisbericht |
| id | DE-604.BV047847706 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:14:04Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:22:59Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9798985668704 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033230580 |
| oclc_num | 1310251629 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xvi, 310 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220404 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Interstellar Trail Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Gruntman, Mike 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)1100566899 aut My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' Mike Gruntman My fifteen years at IKI My 15 years at IKI, the Space Research Institute Rolling Hill Estates, Calif. Interstellar Trail Press 2022 xvi, 310 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "This is a personal story of a young physicist in the Soviet Union, a country distinctly different from the Western world. Mike Gruntman worked primarily in space physics and on particle detectors and science instrumentation. He was among the early pioneers in the emerging field of imaging of space plasmas in fluxes of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). Today, multiple space missions operate ENA imaging instruments. The events in this book unfolded during the Cold War in the 1970s and 1980s. At that time, the Iron Curtain stood firmly in place during the epic struggle between the dark forces of communism and the free world. Gruntman describes the life and work of a scientist in the totalitarian Soviet Union, including elite education in physics and engineering, the disfunction and ideological control of a centrally planned state, collaboration with scientists abroad, and the impact of foreign radio broadcasts. These, and other glimpses into the realities of the Soviet past, serve not only as background to the story; they also inform us about the nature of neo-Marxism, which is gaining popularity in the free world today." Institut Kosmičeskich Issledovanij Moskau (DE-588)1050057-1 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1973-1990 gnd rswk-swf Physiker (DE-588)4045968-8 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4133254-4 Erlebnisbericht gnd-content Institut Kosmičeskich Issledovanij Moskau (DE-588)1050057-1 b Physiker (DE-588)4045968-8 s Geschichte 1973-1990 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033230580&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gruntman, Mike 1954- My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' Institut Kosmičeskich Issledovanij Moskau (DE-588)1050057-1 gnd Physiker (DE-588)4045968-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1050057-1 (DE-588)4045968-8 (DE-588)4133254-4 |
| title | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' |
| title_alt | My fifteen years at IKI My 15 years at IKI, the Space Research Institute |
| title_auth | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' |
| title_exact_search | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' |
| title_exact_search_txtP | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' |
| title_full | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' Mike Gruntman |
| title_fullStr | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' Mike Gruntman |
| title_full_unstemmed | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' Mike Gruntman |
| title_short | My fifteen years at IKI, the Space Research Institute |
| title_sort | my fifteen years at iki the space research institute position sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the iron curtain |
| title_sub | position-sensitive detectors and energetic neutral atoms behind the 'Iron Curtain' |
| topic | Institut Kosmičeskich Issledovanij Moskau (DE-588)1050057-1 gnd Physiker (DE-588)4045968-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Institut Kosmičeskich Issledovanij Moskau Physiker Erlebnisbericht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033230580&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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