Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija
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Vilnius
Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus
2021
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| Schriftenreihe: | Muziejus ir kolekcininkas
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | TURINYS ĮVADAS 6 MIESTO IR APYLINKIŲ VAIZDAI 12 Pilies kalnas ir gretimos kalvos 16 Botanikos ir Bernardinų sodai 38 Katedra 56 Pilies, Didžioji ir Aušros Vartų gatvės 72 Šv. Onos, Bernardinų ir Šv. Mykolo bažnyčios ir gretimos gatvelės 106 Tymo kvartalas 122 Bernardinų ir Rasų kapinės 137 Misionierių bažnyčia ir gretimi kvartalai 140 Napoleono aikštė ir gretimos gatvės 150 Žydų kvartalas ir žydų kapinės 166 Pylimo ir gretimos gatvės, Halės turgus 204 Pogulianka ir Naujamiestis 224 Šv. Jurgio prospektas ir Lukiškės 240 Neris nuo Žvėryno iki Antakalnio 254 Miesto apylinkės 290 Miestiečio portretas 308 Dievo Kūno šventės procesijos 324 Vilniaus miesto darbo namų paroda 346 VOKIEČIŲ KARIAI: KASDIENYBĖ IR ŠVENTĖS 350 Geležinkelio stotis ir remonto dirbtuvės 354 Kareivinės buvusioje Junkerių mokykloje 364 Vokiečių karių kapai Vingio miške 368 10-osios armijos automobilių parkas Naujamiestyje 372 10-osios armijos štabas 384 Kareivinės Šnipiškėse ir karo stovykloje 392 Karininkų ligoninė Verkiuose 395 Karo ligoninė ir karių kapai Antakalnyje 398 Kaizerio Vilhelmo II ir karinės vadovybės vizitai 426 Kareivio portretas, pramogos ir šventės 440 SUMMARY 460 5
SUMMARY freely to global fairs of collectors as well as to participate in or several decades now, the National Museum of Lithu European and world auctions had arisen. The photo albums ania has vigorously been presenting the iconographie compiled by the German soldiers who served in Vilnius material of the city of Vilnius and the related research the Great War and taken to Germany after the war, to the public of the capital. To this end, numerous exhibiduring separate sheets with photos glued on to them, and single tions and conferences have been arranged, the works of photographs taken out from albums and acquired from such famous 19th-20th century photographers of Vilnius as descendants form the basis of this collection. Józef Czechowicz, Stanisław Fi I i bert Fleury, and Jan Bułhak The iconographie material of Vilnius, i.e. photos, post have been displayed. The postcards depicting Vilnius in cards, and newspaper clippings glued erratically on to 1897-1915, the 16։h-20th century city plans, and Album de sheets of brown or gray paper, constitutes one of the first Wilna by Jan Kazimierz Wilczyński have been published to collector’s more substantial and more valuable purchases supplement the publications of old photos of the city. In in terms of content diversity. Judging by the damage and organising the exhibitions and preparing the publications, the different-colour paper residues at the gluing points, it the museum has actively been cooperating not only with can be stated that these objects have repeatedly been re other Lithuanian and foreign memory institutions but
also glued over the years. Overall, 350 pieces are glued to the with private collectors owning significant collections of cul sheets: 10 clippings, 68 postcards, 261 and 11 photos of tural heritage. To continue the dissemination and promotion respectively Vilnius (most of them dated to 1916-1917) of the iconographie material of the city of Vilnius in the and other locations. The images of Vilnius stand out for the public as well as fostering the tradition of cooperation with seven pre-war photos by Jan Bułhak bearing the author’s collectors, this book from the series Museum and Collector stamp at the bottom right corner, his 1916 photo with two presents the exclusive collection of Dainius Raupelis, a blue stamps on the reverse side, “JAN BUŁHAK FOTOGRAF. collector from Vilnius, featuring images of German soldiers WILNO PORTOWA [...]” and “Copyright by J. Bułhak Wilno/ and their military life in Vilnius during the First World War Alle Rechte vorbehalten” (The photographer Jan Bułhak, (1915-1918) captured by professional photographers. Vilnius, Port Str. All rights reserved), and two more photos The photos of Vilnius occupied by Germans in 19151918 were presented to the public in more detail in two (1898-1900) made by Stanisław Filibert Fleury, the eminent exhibitions of the National Museum of Lithuania. The first ֊ photographer of Vilnius. virtual ֊ exhibition was organised in 2000 and displayed Buthak’s name is also associated with the album pub lished in 1918 Wilna im Bilde. 20 Kunstblätter nach Licht the photographs depicting the city and the life of soldiers bildern
von B. Steigueber (Vilnius in Pictures. 20 Artístic in 1916-1917 captured by August Heer (1894-1969), an Sheets Based on Photographs by В. Steigueber). There amateur photographer and the commander of the pilots of the 10th German army. This collection encompassing two are a number of well-known paintings on the theme of Vil nius by the sergeant Bruno Steigueber. The artist preferred hundred and fifty postcards and photos was donated to the museum by A. Heer’s son. In 2009, the museum also housed painting not only from life but also from photos; however, the exhibition The First World War and Lithuania, which apart from the aforementioned album bearing his name, displayed certain photographs from the earlier-mentioned he is not known as a photographer. Therefore, researchers Dainius Raupelis’s collection along with various other his tend to assign the authorship of the photos In this album torical documents and museum pieces revealing this topic. to Jan Bułhak. In general, Bułhak’s, who accumulated a Over the past several decades the collector Dainius Rau huge archive of images of pre-war Vilnius, works were highly pelis has accumulated a large and unique collection of valued and intensely used by the occupation authorities. photos and postcards of Vilnius during the First World War, His photos were often printed in local periodicals as well which started taking shape after the opportunity to travel as to illustrate various publications dedicated to Vilnius. F 460
Bułhak was the only artist from Vilnius who was granted the permission to organise his personal exhibition due to his good relations with the local German administration. If we compare the photos of Vilnius during the First World War taken by unknown photographers with those of Bułhak, we will discovera lot of similarities: the same angle of view, only a slightly tilted lens or a shifted shadow; therefore, further research is needed to determine the authorship of these photos. In 2019, 22 photographs with the images of Vilnius from Steigueber’s album were purchased in an auction. These photos are not included in Wilna im Bilde and yet their scenes correspond with the numbered photos distributed by photographers of Vilnius. Among the more significant single acquisitions of photo graphs is the set of photos consisting of 82 images taken at the German Hospital No.17 operating in Antakalnis, in the territory of the Sapieha Palace (the former Russian Military Hospital from 1809). It is interesting to observe that 46 of them are numbered at the bottom right corner by the photographer himself. This suggests that the photos constituted a rather large and peculiar photographic report of the hospital life (with 94 as the largest recorded number), where a number of an image served a particular function of the photographer’s order-catalogue enabling the hospital staff and patients to select the specific photographs they wished to acquire. It is worth mentioningthat Raupelis’s col lection contains more photos numbered in a similar manner (in certain cases, at the bottom left corner):
both in albums and among individual photographs. There are also identical photos bearing the same number; however, there are some identical images, where one contains a number whereas the other - does not, and their prints are not always of the same quality. It has also been noted that numbers are not written in the same font; the same numbers are assigned to different scenes. All of this can be explained by a simple fact that photos were made at different times or in different studios. As a result, it is thought that a number of photo studios in Vilnius presented their production to potential clients in the same manner so that they could place orders for desired photos in a more convenient way. As regards individual photographs, eighteen large-format (14.2 x 23.5 cm; 16.5 χ 24 cm) photos by Ludwig Boedecker, one of the most prolific photo correspondents of Vilnius, should be singled out. All of them bear an exact photograph date and the stamp, “Unter jeder Vervielfältigung ist zu ver merken: BOEDECKER=BERLIN. Belegexemplare erboten an: „Boedecker“ Int. Illustrations-Centrale Berlin-Friedenau, Fregestr. 49. Mitglied des V. D. J. ” (The following must be noted under every reproduction: BOEDECKER=BERLIN. Author’s copies should be offered to: Boedecker Int. IllustrationsCentrale Berlin-Friedenau, Frege Str.49. A member of the German Union of Journalists). Raupelis’s collection also contains nine highly interest ing aerial photographs taken in April 1917 with the help of special photo equipment installed in a plane. The younger sergeant Rodax, who served in the 501st heavy
bomber unit situated in the territory of the current Vilnius Airport, worked on the equipment and that is how he may have come into possession of the copies of these photos. Probably the most intriguing and the most unique part of Raupelis’s collection encompasses the seven photo albums compiled by German soldiers containing urban images and photos of everyday military life. It is like a curious illustra tion of “war tourism” capturing the sense of discovery and astonishment, reflecting the image of a foreign city conjured up by German soldiers. Simultaneously, it constitutes the rudiments of mass photography. Some albums contain the glued in amateur photos of varying content, format and quality taken at different times by German soldiers. It is obvious that those albums were being gradually supple mented over their years spent in Vilnius. The other albums likely consisted of a plenty of numbered photos bearing the images of Vilnius offered by various photo studies. It could be that such fully compiled albums prepared by local or Ger man photographers were sold as original city souvenirs, as a keepsake. The photos from such photo albums comprise a large share of the photo collection accumulated by the collector (458 pieces; the collection contains over 1,500 pieces). We will now briefly present each of them. The first album (27.5 χ 35 cm) has blue thick textured paper boards. The album sheets are bound with a green string on the left side. There is a town image imprinted at the top left corner of the cover. The album sheets are brown; each photograph has an inscription
indicating a captured object. The album consists of 85 glued in photos: 82 of them featuring images Vilnius, one ֊ of Minsk, and two of an altar from an unidentified church. The photographs are of different sizes: 9-9.5 x 14-14.3 cm; 8-8.5 x 10.5-11.5 cm. 77 photos of Vilnius have numbers at the bottom left corner. One photograph bears the stamp of the photo studio of its author - Leon Wysocki ֊ and the date of 6 October 1917. The second hardcover album (13 χ 19cm) is bound in green cloth with pink, yellowish and violet rose blossoms. The album sheets are bound with a string on the left side; the sheets are of dark violet colour. Each sheet contains one photo glued only at two corners on the left side; if you turn a photo, there is an inscription under it indicating a captured object. The album was compiled in 1917 by the German soldier Max Peukert, which is obvious from the handwritten inscription on the first album sheet, “Meinem lieben Neveling / gewidmet / Weihnachten 1917. / von / Max Peukert / photograph.j?]” (To my dear Neveling, the Christmas of 1917. Photographer [?] Max Peukert). Yet we cannot say for sure that the compiler of the album is also 461
VILNIUS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR the author of these photos. The album contains 22 glued in photos with images of Vilnius. The size of the photos is 8.7-9.5 x 11.5-14cm. 14 photographs have numbers at inscription, “1914-1918.” The album contains 193 photos in photo corners. Most of them are amateur. 140 of them were made in Vilnius, 28 ֊ in Marggrabowa (current Poland) the bottom left corner. At the end of the album, there is an and in Kaunas; the remaining photos were made in postwar Germany (1919-1924). Compared to the other albums, this unglued photo of the compiler. The third hardcover album (13 χ 20 cm) compiled in 19151917 is bound in dark blue cloth with bouquets of pink and yellowish flowers; the album sheets are glued. There is an inscription next to each photograph indicating the depicted object. The first album sheet also bears a handwritten word, Wilna. The album includes 61 photographs: 47 of them featuring images of Vilnius, eight ֊ of Kaunas, a photo from Trakai, Lentvaris and Dębowa Buda respectively; two photos of Stalupėnai, and one - of Russian prisoners of war. The size of the photographs is 8-8.3 χ 11-11.3 cm. Although the photos do not have any photographer’s numbers, 17 of them correspond to the numbered photographs in the other albums. The fourth hardcover album (18x26 cm) has brownish textured paper boards with dark blue edges and a wide ribbon on the left side. The album sheets are bound with a brownish blue string on the left side. There is a blue inscrip tion “Wilna at the bottom right corner of the cover. The album sheets are green,
containing one photo each. There is an inscription next to each photograph indicating the depicted object, and there are page numbers. The album of the photostaken in 1916-1917 was compiled in 1917. The first album sheet also features a handwritten inscription, “Wilna 1917.” The album is incomplete, some photos were torn out; now, only 42 (out of the former 64) glued in photos of Vilnius remain. The sizes of the photos are 8.5 χ 11cm; 9.5 χ 14 cm. The photographs bear no numbers; however, 20 of them correspond to the numbered photographs in the other albums. The fifth hardcover album (19.8x28cm) is bound in green faux leather boards. The album sheets are bound with a light string on the left side. There is an imprinted black inscription at the centre of the cover, “Wilna 1916,” and the image of Castle Hill with the tower at the bottom left corner. The flag of Germany is glued at the top left corner. The album sheets are green, containing one photo each; there are no inscriptions near the photos. The album was compiled in 1916 and contains 30 sepia-toned glued in im ages of Vilnius. The size of the photographs is 10 χ 13.3 cm; there are no numbers indicated by the photographer. The sixth hardcover album (23x32cm) is bound in im pregnated chequered cloth and is reinforced with a pressed faux leather spine. The album sheets are greenish and are bound with a black string with wooden tassels at the left side. Each sheet contains several photos; there are inscriptions next to some photographs indicating the cap tured object. The first album sheet also bears a handwritten 462
one stands out for its abundance of images from everyday life of soldiers. The seventh softcover album (10.5 χ 13cm) is bound in gray cardboard; the sheets are bound with a red silk string at the left side. There is a handwritten inscription at the centre of the cover, “Wilna - Werki / 28.5-7.7.16,” as well as at the very top, “Heft 26 (Notebook 26). Thus, it can be presumed that at least 26 similar notebooks were compiled. The album sheets are of different colours, containing a glued in photo each. There is a precise inscription indicating the depicted object and the date next to each photograph. The album was being compiled from 28 May 1916 to 7 July 1916, probably by a soldier treated at Verkiai Military Hospital or by some military medic working at the hospital at that time. It contains 25 glued in photographs with images of Vilnius and the surroundings of Verkiai. The sizes of the photos are 5 χ 9 cm; 7 χ 5.5cm; 8 χ 7.5 cm. Individual photos in Raupelis’s collection have stamps with names and addresses of local city photographers, who made portrait as well as group photos of German soldiers, captured various moments from sport festivals and other events as well as different views of the city. This enables us to easier determine the authorship of the photos and to make a reliable register of the photographers who worked in Vilnius at that time, including their studio addresses. Among them are the brothers Leon and Miron Butkowsky (the stamps, “Hofphot. Butkowsky, Wilna”; “B0UTK0USKY F-RS. WILNA”), Boruch Brudner (the stamp, “PHOTOGRAPHIE В. BRUDNER. WILNO, POHULANKA,
STR. № 6.”), Μ. Buch halter (the stamp, “Photograph Μ. Buchhalter, Wilna, Georg. Str. 23. ), Leon Vysocki (the stamp, “Copyright by L. Vysocki. Wilno. Ostrobramska 6. Alle Rechte vorbehalten”), N. Pinsky (the stamp, “Kunst-Photographie N. Pinsky, Kalwahenstr. 68, Grosse Տէր. 72 ), J. Pusynski (the stamp, “Phot. J. Pusynski. Wilna”), A. Redanski (the stamp, “Photographie A. Redanski, Wilna. Kl-ne Pohulanka Տէր. 15.”), and W. Chonowicz (the stamp, “ELEKTRO-PHOTOGRAPHIE W. CH0N0WITZ Wilna, Grosse Str. 69. ). Referring to the periodicals of that period, we can also learn about other local photographers operating in Vilnius, whose works are not included or were not identified in Raupelis’s collection. In 1916, the following photographers advertised their photo studios in the daily WilnaerZeitung (Vilnius Newspaper): E. Zawadzki (with the studio in Didžioji Str.84), A. Strauss (with the studio in Didžioji Str. 41 and 43), H. Slutzki (with the studio in Aušros Vartų Տէր. 2), W. Czyż (with the studio in Aušros Vartų Տէր. 17), W. Chonowicz
SUMMARY (with the studio in Didžioji Str. 69), Jurasaitis’s Studio (in Totorių Str. 1), and Rembrandt Studio (in Dominikonų Str. 17), whereas a passport photo office operated in the the army as well as for the German-speaking part of the society. The newspapers ֊ their illustrated supplements, in particular - contained a lot of images reflecting the life in premises of Μ. Grossman’s studio (in Didžioji Str. 73). In 1917, the photographer Ivan Vorobyov placed a detailed the city. In addition to the already-mentioned Ludwig Boedecker, the periodicals also printed works by such photo advert of his new and stylish photo studio furnished with correspondents as Ernst Bernhard, Artur Metzkow, Robert Sennecke, Max Winke, R. Schillings, E. Schneider, Herlitz, Palmer, and Rubinstein. state-of-the-art equipment (in Pylimo Str. 7) in the news paper Dziennik Wileński (Vilnius Journal). The ad stated that the photographer made portraits and group photos, also offered photo enlargement and reproduction services. The business must have been flourishing for a year later the photographer was looking for an assistant to retouch negatives and positives. The press of that time also featured a lot of photographs made by German war photo correspondents working in Vilnius. In those days, the following German dailies were printed in the city: the Zeitung der 10. Armee (10th Army Newspaper) and its weekly illustrated supplements ֊ the Scheinwerfer (Headlight) and the Der Beobachter (The Observer) - dedicated to culture and science; the Wilnaer Zeitung (Vilnius Newspaper) and its weekly illustrated
supplement the Bilderschau (Image Review) intended for In this publication, the rich and meaningful collection of Dainius Raupelis has been grouped and presented in the following two large sections: images of Vilnius, and im ages iilustratingthe life of German soldiers in this city. This helps to better understand and feel the city and its spirit in those days, to get to know the already vanished quarters of the city with all their hustle and bustle, to look at the city through the eyes of the other. The publication focuses only on the photographs accumulated exclusively by the collector, without taking into account the postcards of that time also available in the collection. Duplications and poor quality photos have too been rejected. A concise contextual overview on the life in Vilnius in those days supplements the album part of the publication. 463
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TURINYS ĮVADAS 6 MIESTO IR APYLINKIŲ VAIZDAI 12 Pilies kalnas ir gretimos kalvos 16 Botanikos ir Bernardinų sodai 38 Katedra 56 Pilies, Didžioji ir Aušros Vartų gatvės 72 Šv. Onos, Bernardinų ir Šv. Mykolo bažnyčios ir gretimos gatvelės 106 Tymo kvartalas 122 Bernardinų ir Rasų kapinės 137 Misionierių bažnyčia ir gretimi kvartalai 140 Napoleono aikštė ir gretimos gatvės 150 Žydų kvartalas ir žydų kapinės 166 Pylimo ir gretimos gatvės, Halės turgus 204 Pogulianka ir Naujamiestis 224 Šv. Jurgio prospektas ir Lukiškės 240 Neris nuo Žvėryno iki Antakalnio 254 Miesto apylinkės 290 Miestiečio portretas 308 Dievo Kūno šventės procesijos 324 Vilniaus miesto darbo namų paroda 346 VOKIEČIŲ KARIAI: KASDIENYBĖ IR ŠVENTĖS 350 Geležinkelio stotis ir remonto dirbtuvės 354 Kareivinės buvusioje Junkerių mokykloje 364 Vokiečių karių kapai Vingio miške 368 10-osios armijos automobilių parkas Naujamiestyje 372 10-osios armijos štabas 384 Kareivinės Šnipiškėse ir karo stovykloje 392 Karininkų ligoninė Verkiuose 395 Karo ligoninė ir karių kapai Antakalnyje 398 Kaizerio Vilhelmo II ir karinės vadovybės vizitai 426 Kareivio portretas, pramogos ir šventės 440 SUMMARY 460 5
SUMMARY freely to global fairs of collectors as well as to participate in or several decades now, the National Museum of Lithu European and world auctions had arisen. The photo albums ania has vigorously been presenting the iconographie compiled by the German soldiers who served in Vilnius material of the city of Vilnius and the related research the Great War and taken to Germany after the war, to the public of the capital. To this end, numerous exhibiduring separate sheets with photos glued on to them, and single tions and conferences have been arranged, the works of photographs taken out from albums and acquired from such famous 19th-20th century photographers of Vilnius as descendants form the basis of this collection. Józef Czechowicz, Stanisław Fi I i bert Fleury, and Jan Bułhak The iconographie material of Vilnius, i.e. photos, post have been displayed. The postcards depicting Vilnius in cards, and newspaper clippings glued erratically on to 1897-1915, the 16։h-20th century city plans, and Album de sheets of brown or gray paper, constitutes one of the first Wilna by Jan Kazimierz Wilczyński have been published to collector’s more substantial and more valuable purchases supplement the publications of old photos of the city. In in terms of content diversity. Judging by the damage and organising the exhibitions and preparing the publications, the different-colour paper residues at the gluing points, it the museum has actively been cooperating not only with can be stated that these objects have repeatedly been re other Lithuanian and foreign memory institutions but
also glued over the years. Overall, 350 pieces are glued to the with private collectors owning significant collections of cul sheets: 10 clippings, 68 postcards, 261 and 11 photos of tural heritage. To continue the dissemination and promotion respectively Vilnius (most of them dated to 1916-1917) of the iconographie material of the city of Vilnius in the and other locations. The images of Vilnius stand out for the public as well as fostering the tradition of cooperation with seven pre-war photos by Jan Bułhak bearing the author’s collectors, this book from the series Museum and Collector stamp at the bottom right corner, his 1916 photo with two presents the exclusive collection of Dainius Raupelis, a blue stamps on the reverse side, “JAN BUŁHAK FOTOGRAF. collector from Vilnius, featuring images of German soldiers WILNO PORTOWA [.]” and “Copyright by J. Bułhak Wilno/ and their military life in Vilnius during the First World War Alle Rechte vorbehalten” (The photographer Jan Bułhak, (1915-1918) captured by professional photographers. Vilnius, Port Str. All rights reserved), and two more photos The photos of Vilnius occupied by Germans in 19151918 were presented to the public in more detail in two (1898-1900) made by Stanisław Filibert Fleury, the eminent exhibitions of the National Museum of Lithuania. The first ֊ photographer of Vilnius. virtual ֊ exhibition was organised in 2000 and displayed Buthak’s name is also associated with the album pub lished in 1918 Wilna im Bilde. 20 Kunstblätter nach Licht the photographs depicting the city and the life of soldiers bildern
von B. Steigueber (Vilnius in Pictures. 20 Artístic in 1916-1917 captured by August Heer (1894-1969), an Sheets Based on Photographs by В. Steigueber). There amateur photographer and the commander of the pilots of the 10th German army. This collection encompassing two are a number of well-known paintings on the theme of Vil nius by the sergeant Bruno Steigueber. The artist preferred hundred and fifty postcards and photos was donated to the museum by A. Heer’s son. In 2009, the museum also housed painting not only from life but also from photos; however, the exhibition The First World War and Lithuania, which apart from the aforementioned album bearing his name, displayed certain photographs from the earlier-mentioned he is not known as a photographer. Therefore, researchers Dainius Raupelis’s collection along with various other his tend to assign the authorship of the photos In this album torical documents and museum pieces revealing this topic. to Jan Bułhak. In general, Bułhak’s, who accumulated a Over the past several decades the collector Dainius Rau huge archive of images of pre-war Vilnius, works were highly pelis has accumulated a large and unique collection of valued and intensely used by the occupation authorities. photos and postcards of Vilnius during the First World War, His photos were often printed in local periodicals as well which started taking shape after the opportunity to travel as to illustrate various publications dedicated to Vilnius. F 460
Bułhak was the only artist from Vilnius who was granted the permission to organise his personal exhibition due to his good relations with the local German administration. If we compare the photos of Vilnius during the First World War taken by unknown photographers with those of Bułhak, we will discovera lot of similarities: the same angle of view, only a slightly tilted lens or a shifted shadow; therefore, further research is needed to determine the authorship of these photos. In 2019, 22 photographs with the images of Vilnius from Steigueber’s album were purchased in an auction. These photos are not included in Wilna im Bilde and yet their scenes correspond with the numbered photos distributed by photographers of Vilnius. Among the more significant single acquisitions of photo graphs is the set of photos consisting of 82 images taken at the German Hospital No.17 operating in Antakalnis, in the territory of the Sapieha Palace (the former Russian Military Hospital from 1809). It is interesting to observe that 46 of them are numbered at the bottom right corner by the photographer himself. This suggests that the photos constituted a rather large and peculiar photographic report of the hospital life (with 94 as the largest recorded number), where a number of an image served a particular function of the photographer’s order-catalogue enabling the hospital staff and patients to select the specific photographs they wished to acquire. It is worth mentioningthat Raupelis’s col lection contains more photos numbered in a similar manner (in certain cases, at the bottom left corner):
both in albums and among individual photographs. There are also identical photos bearing the same number; however, there are some identical images, where one contains a number whereas the other - does not, and their prints are not always of the same quality. It has also been noted that numbers are not written in the same font; the same numbers are assigned to different scenes. All of this can be explained by a simple fact that photos were made at different times or in different studios. As a result, it is thought that a number of photo studios in Vilnius presented their production to potential clients in the same manner so that they could place orders for desired photos in a more convenient way. As regards individual photographs, eighteen large-format (14.2 x 23.5 cm; 16.5 χ 24 cm) photos by Ludwig Boedecker, one of the most prolific photo correspondents of Vilnius, should be singled out. All of them bear an exact photograph date and the stamp, “Unter jeder Vervielfältigung ist zu ver merken: BOEDECKER=BERLIN. Belegexemplare erboten an: „Boedecker“ Int. Illustrations-Centrale Berlin-Friedenau, Fregestr. 49. Mitglied des V. D. J. ” (The following must be noted under every reproduction: BOEDECKER=BERLIN. Author’s copies should be offered to: Boedecker Int. IllustrationsCentrale Berlin-Friedenau, Frege Str.49. A member of the German Union of Journalists). Raupelis’s collection also contains nine highly interest ing aerial photographs taken in April 1917 with the help of special photo equipment installed in a plane. The younger sergeant Rodax, who served in the 501st heavy
bomber unit situated in the territory of the current Vilnius Airport, worked on the equipment and that is how he may have come into possession of the copies of these photos. Probably the most intriguing and the most unique part of Raupelis’s collection encompasses the seven photo albums compiled by German soldiers containing urban images and photos of everyday military life. It is like a curious illustra tion of “war tourism” capturing the sense of discovery and astonishment, reflecting the image of a foreign city conjured up by German soldiers. Simultaneously, it constitutes the rudiments of mass photography. Some albums contain the glued in amateur photos of varying content, format and quality taken at different times by German soldiers. It is obvious that those albums were being gradually supple mented over their years spent in Vilnius. The other albums likely consisted of a plenty of numbered photos bearing the images of Vilnius offered by various photo studies. It could be that such fully compiled albums prepared by local or Ger man photographers were sold as original city souvenirs, as a keepsake. The photos from such photo albums comprise a large share of the photo collection accumulated by the collector (458 pieces; the collection contains over 1,500 pieces). We will now briefly present each of them. The first album (27.5 χ 35 cm) has blue thick textured paper boards. The album sheets are bound with a green string on the left side. There is a town image imprinted at the top left corner of the cover. The album sheets are brown; each photograph has an inscription
indicating a captured object. The album consists of 85 glued in photos: 82 of them featuring images Vilnius, one ֊ of Minsk, and two of an altar from an unidentified church. The photographs are of different sizes: 9-9.5 x 14-14.3 cm; 8-8.5 x 10.5-11.5 cm. 77 photos of Vilnius have numbers at the bottom left corner. One photograph bears the stamp of the photo studio of its author - Leon Wysocki ֊ and the date of 6 October 1917. The second hardcover album (13 χ 19cm) is bound in green cloth with pink, yellowish and violet rose blossoms. The album sheets are bound with a string on the left side; the sheets are of dark violet colour. Each sheet contains one photo glued only at two corners on the left side; if you turn a photo, there is an inscription under it indicating a captured object. The album was compiled in 1917 by the German soldier Max Peukert, which is obvious from the handwritten inscription on the first album sheet, “Meinem lieben Neveling / gewidmet / Weihnachten 1917. / von / Max Peukert / photograph.j?]” (To my dear Neveling, the Christmas of 1917. Photographer [?] Max Peukert). Yet we cannot say for sure that the compiler of the album is also 461
VILNIUS DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR the author of these photos. The album contains 22 glued in photos with images of Vilnius. The size of the photos is 8.7-9.5 x 11.5-14cm. 14 photographs have numbers at inscription, “1914-1918.” The album contains 193 photos in photo corners. Most of them are amateur. 140 of them were made in Vilnius, 28 ֊ in Marggrabowa (current Poland) the bottom left corner. At the end of the album, there is an and in Kaunas; the remaining photos were made in postwar Germany (1919-1924). Compared to the other albums, this unglued photo of the compiler. The third hardcover album (13 χ 20 cm) compiled in 19151917 is bound in dark blue cloth with bouquets of pink and yellowish flowers; the album sheets are glued. There is an inscription next to each photograph indicating the depicted object. The first album sheet also bears a handwritten word, "Wilna." The album includes 61 photographs: 47 of them featuring images of Vilnius, eight ֊ of Kaunas, a photo from Trakai, Lentvaris and Dębowa Buda respectively; two photos of Stalupėnai, and one - of Russian prisoners of war. The size of the photographs is 8-8.3 χ 11-11.3 cm. Although the photos do not have any photographer’s numbers, 17 of them correspond to the numbered photographs in the other albums. The fourth hardcover album (18x26 cm) has brownish textured paper boards with dark blue edges and a wide ribbon on the left side. The album sheets are bound with a brownish blue string on the left side. There is a blue inscrip tion “Wilna" at the bottom right corner of the cover. The album sheets are green,
containing one photo each. There is an inscription next to each photograph indicating the depicted object, and there are page numbers. The album of the photostaken in 1916-1917 was compiled in 1917. The first album sheet also features a handwritten inscription, “Wilna 1917.” The album is incomplete, some photos were torn out; now, only 42 (out of the former 64) glued in photos of Vilnius remain. The sizes of the photos are 8.5 χ 11cm; 9.5 χ 14 cm. The photographs bear no numbers; however, 20 of them correspond to the numbered photographs in the other albums. The fifth hardcover album (19.8x28cm) is bound in green faux leather boards. The album sheets are bound with a light string on the left side. There is an imprinted black inscription at the centre of the cover, “Wilna 1916,” and the image of Castle Hill with the tower at the bottom left corner. The flag of Germany is glued at the top left corner. The album sheets are green, containing one photo each; there are no inscriptions near the photos. The album was compiled in 1916 and contains 30 sepia-toned glued in im ages of Vilnius. The size of the photographs is 10 χ 13.3 cm; there are no numbers indicated by the photographer. The sixth hardcover album (23x32cm) is bound in im pregnated chequered cloth and is reinforced with a pressed faux leather spine. The album sheets are greenish and are bound with a black string with wooden tassels at the left side. Each sheet contains several photos; there are inscriptions next to some photographs indicating the cap tured object. The first album sheet also bears a handwritten 462
one stands out for its abundance of images from everyday life of soldiers. The seventh softcover album (10.5 χ 13cm) is bound in gray cardboard; the sheets are bound with a red silk string at the left side. There is a handwritten inscription at the centre of the cover, “Wilna - Werki / 28.5-7.7.16,” as well as at the very top, “Heft 26" (Notebook 26). Thus, it can be presumed that at least 26 similar notebooks were compiled. The album sheets are of different colours, containing a glued in photo each. There is a precise inscription indicating the depicted object and the date next to each photograph. The album was being compiled from 28 May 1916 to 7 July 1916, probably by a soldier treated at Verkiai Military Hospital or by some military medic working at the hospital at that time. It contains 25 glued in photographs with images of Vilnius and the surroundings of Verkiai. The sizes of the photos are 5 χ 9 cm; 7 χ 5.5cm; 8 χ 7.5 cm. Individual photos in Raupelis’s collection have stamps with names and addresses of local city photographers, who made portrait as well as group photos of German soldiers, captured various moments from sport festivals and other events as well as different views of the city. This enables us to easier determine the authorship of the photos and to make a reliable register of the photographers who worked in Vilnius at that time, including their studio addresses. Among them are the brothers Leon and Miron Butkowsky (the stamps, “Hofphot. Butkowsky, Wilna”; “B0UTK0USKY F-RS. WILNA”), Boruch Brudner (the stamp, “PHOTOGRAPHIE В. BRUDNER. WILNO, POHULANKA,
STR. № 6.”), Μ. Buch halter (the stamp, “Photograph Μ. Buchhalter, Wilna, Georg. Str. 23."), Leon Vysocki (the stamp, “Copyright by L. Vysocki. Wilno. Ostrobramska 6. Alle Rechte vorbehalten”), N. Pinsky (the stamp, “Kunst-Photographie N. Pinsky, Kalwahenstr. 68, Grosse Տէր. 72"), J. Pusynski (the stamp, “Phot. J. Pusynski. Wilna”), A. Redanski (the stamp, “Photographie A. Redanski, Wilna. Kl-ne Pohulanka Տէր. 15.”), and W. Chonowicz (the stamp, “ELEKTRO-PHOTOGRAPHIE W. CH0N0WITZ Wilna, Grosse Str. 69."). Referring to the periodicals of that period, we can also learn about other local photographers operating in Vilnius, whose works are not included or were not identified in Raupelis’s collection. In 1916, the following photographers advertised their photo studios in the daily WilnaerZeitung (Vilnius Newspaper): E. Zawadzki (with the studio in Didžioji Str.84), A. Strauss (with the studio in Didžioji Str. 41 and 43), H. Slutzki (with the studio in Aušros Vartų Տէր. 2), W. Czyż (with the studio in Aušros Vartų Տէր. 17), W. Chonowicz
SUMMARY (with the studio in Didžioji Str. 69), Jurasaitis’s Studio (in Totorių Str. 1), and Rembrandt Studio (in Dominikonų Str. 17), whereas a passport photo office operated in the the army as well as for the German-speaking part of the society. The newspapers ֊ their illustrated supplements, in particular - contained a lot of images reflecting the life in premises of Μ. Grossman’s studio (in Didžioji Str. 73). In 1917, the photographer Ivan Vorobyov placed a detailed the city. In addition to the already-mentioned Ludwig Boedecker, the periodicals also printed works by such photo advert of his new and stylish photo studio furnished with correspondents as Ernst Bernhard, Artur Metzkow, Robert Sennecke, Max Winke, R. Schillings, E. Schneider, Herlitz, Palmer, and Rubinstein. state-of-the-art equipment (in Pylimo Str. 7) in the news paper Dziennik Wileński (Vilnius Journal). The ad stated that the photographer made portraits and group photos, also offered photo enlargement and reproduction services. The business must have been flourishing for a year later the photographer was looking for an assistant to retouch negatives and positives. The press of that time also featured a lot of photographs made by German war photo correspondents working in Vilnius. In those days, the following German dailies were printed in the city: the Zeitung der 10. Armee (10th Army Newspaper) and its weekly illustrated supplements ֊ the Scheinwerfer (Headlight) and the Der Beobachter (The Observer) - dedicated to culture and science; the Wilnaer Zeitung (Vilnius Newspaper) and its weekly illustrated
supplement the Bilderschau (Image Review) intended for In this publication, the rich and meaningful collection of Dainius Raupelis has been grouped and presented in the following two large sections: images of Vilnius, and im ages iilustratingthe life of German soldiers in this city. This helps to better understand and feel the city and its spirit in those days, to get to know the already vanished quarters of the city with all their hustle and bustle, to look at the city through the eyes of the other. The publication focuses only on the photographs accumulated exclusively by the collector, without taking into account the postcards of that time also available in the collection. Duplications and poor quality photos have too been rejected. A concise contextual overview on the life in Vilnius in those days supplements the album part of the publication. 463 |
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| author2 | Būčys, Žygintas Keršytė, Dalia |
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| contents | Englische Zusammenfassung |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1339084615 (DE-599)BVBBV047814327 |
| era | Geschichte 1915-1918 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1915-1918 |
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| spelling | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija sudarytojai Žygintas Būčys, Dalia Keršytė Vilnius Lietuvos nacionalinis muziejus 2021 463 Seiten sti rdacontent txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Muziejus ir kolekcininkas 8 Englische Zusammenfassung Geschichte 1915-1918 gnd rswk-swf Vilnius (DE-588)5057560-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4145395-5 Bildband gnd-content Vilnius (DE-588)5057560-0 g Geschichte 1915-1918 z DE-604 Būčys, Žygintas edt Keršytė, Dalia edt Raupelis, Dainius (DE-588)1264091214 oth Lietuvos Nacionalinis Muziejus (DE-588)5272273-9 isb Muziejus ir kolekcininkas 8 (DE-604)BV042121028 8 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033197757&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033197757&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija Muziejus ir kolekcininkas Englische Zusammenfassung |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5057560-0 (DE-588)4145395-5 |
| title | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija |
| title_auth | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija |
| title_exact_search | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija |
| title_full | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija sudarytojai Žygintas Būčys, Dalia Keršytė |
| title_fullStr | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija sudarytojai Žygintas Būčys, Dalia Keršytė |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija sudarytojai Žygintas Būčys, Dalia Keršytė |
| title_short | Vilnius Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais |
| title_sort | vilnius pirmojo pasaulinio karo metais dainiaus raupelio kolekcija |
| title_sub | Dainiaus Raupelio kolekcija |
| topic_facet | Vilnius Bildband |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033197757&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033197757&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV042121028 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bucyszygintas vilniuspirmojopasauliniokarometaisdainiausraupeliokolekcija AT kersytedalia vilniuspirmojopasauliniokarometaisdainiausraupeliokolekcija AT raupelisdainius vilniuspirmojopasauliniokarometaisdainiausraupeliokolekcija AT lietuvosnacionalinismuziejus vilniuspirmojopasauliniokarometaisdainiausraupeliokolekcija |